Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

coming immediately after

  • 1 next

    1. adjective
    1) (nearest) nächst...

    the seat next to me — der Platz neben mir

    the next but one — der/die/das übernächste

    next to(fig.): (almost) fast; nahezu

    2) (in order) nächst...

    within the next few daysin den nächsten Tagen

    we'll come next Maywir kommen im Mai nächsten Jahres

    the next largest/larger — der/die/das nächstkleinere/nächstgrößere

    [the] next time — das nächste Mal

    the next best — der/die/das nächstbeste

    2. adverb
    (in the next place) als nächstes; (on the next occasion) das nächste Mal

    sit/stand next to somebody — neben jemandem sitzen/stehen

    place something next to somebody/something — etwas neben jemanden/etwas stellen

    come next to last(in race) zweitletzter/zweitletzte werden

    come next to bottom(in exam) der/die Zweitschlechteste sein

    3. noun
    1)

    the week after next — [die] übernächste Woche

    2) (person)

    next of kin — nächster/nächste Angehörige

    next please! — der nächste, bitte!

    * * *
    [nekst] 1. adjective
    (nearest in place, time etc: When you have called at that house, go on to the next one; The next person to arrive late will be sent away; Who is next on the list?) nächst
    2. adverb
    (immediately after in place or time: John arrived first and Jane came next.) als Nächste/r/s
    3. pronoun
    (the person or thing nearest in place, time etc: Finish one question before you begin to answer the next; One minute he was sitting beside me - the next he was lying on the ground.) der/die/das Nächste
    - academic.ru/117500/next_best">next best
    - biggest
    - oldest
    - next door
    - next to
    * * *
    [nekst]
    I. adj inv
    1. (coming immediately after) nächste(r, s)
    the \next moment she was gone im nächsten Augenblick war sie weg
    I'll be on holiday for the \next couple of days ich bin die nächsten zwei Tage auf Urlaub
    this time \next year nächstes Jahr um diese Zeit
    for the \next couple of weeks die nächsten paar Wochen
    the \next day am nächsten Tag
    \next month nächsten Monat
    [the] \next time das nächste Mal, nächstes Mal
    \next time I'll bring a hat nächstes Mal bringe ich einen Hut mit
    on Monday \next nächsten Montag
    2. (next in order, space) nächste(r, s), folgende(r, s)
    the \next step is to find a house to buy als Nächstes müssen wir dann ein Haus finden, das wir kaufen können
    take the \next turning on the right biegen Sie bei der nächsten Gelegenheit rechts ab
    the woman in the \next room die Frau im Raum nebenan
    the \next chapter das nächste Kapitel
    as much as the \next person wie jede(r) andere [auch]
    the \next but one der/die/das Übernächste
    she is the \next managing director but one sie ist die übernächste Geschäftsführerin
    to be \next der/die Nächste sein, als Nächste(r) dran sein
    who's \next please? wer ist der/die Nächste?
    excuse me, I was \next Entschuldigung, ich komme als Nächste(r)
    3.
    the \next world das Jenseits
    II. adv inv
    1. (subsequently) dann, gleich darauf
    what would you like \next? was möchten Sie als Nächstes?
    so what happened \next? was geschah als Nächstes?
    \next, I heard the sound of voices dann hörte ich Stimmen
    2. (again) das nächste Mal
    when I saw him \next he had transformed himself als ich ihn das nächste Mal sah, sah er ganz verwandelt aus
    when are you \next going to London? wann fährst du das nächste Mal nach London?
    3. (second) zweit-
    the opinion poll found that law and order is the most important political issue for voters and education is the \next most important bei der Meinungsumfrage kam heraus, dass Gesetze für die Wähler das wichtigste Thema sind, Bildung das zweitwichtigste
    \next-to-last day esp AM vorletzter Tag
    he injured himself in a climbing accident on the \next-to-last day of his vacation er verletzte sich am vorletzten Tag seines Urlaubs bei einem Kletterunfall
    the \next best thing die zweitbeste Sache
    the \next oldest/youngest der/die/das Zweitälteste/Zweitjüngste
    Jo was the \next oldest after Martin Jo war der/die Zweitälteste nach Martin
    4. (to one side)
    \next to sth/sb neben etw/jdm
    who works in the office \next to yours? wer arbeitet in dem Büro neben dir?
    I prefer to sit \next to the window when I'm on a plane ich sitze im Flugzeug am liebsten neben dem Fenster
    we sat \next to each other wir saßen nebeneinander
    5. (following in importance)
    \next to sth nach etw dat
    cheese is my favourite food and \next to cheese I like chocolate best Käse esse ich am liebsten und nach Käse mag ich am liebsten Schokolade
    \next to... beinahe..., fast...
    in \next to no time im Handumdrehen fam
    there was very little traffic and it took \next to no time to get home es war sehr wenig Verkehr, und wir waren im Handumdrehen zu Hause
    \next to impossible beinahe unmöglich
    it's \next to impossible to find somewhere cheap to live in the city centre es ist fast unmöglich, eine günstige Wohnung im Stadtzentrum zu finden
    \next to nothing fast gar nichts
    Charles knew \next to nothing about farming Charles wusste fast nichts über Landwirtschaft
    7. (compared with)
    \next to sb/sth neben jdm/etw
    \next to her I felt like a fraud neben ihr komme ich mir wie ein Betrüger/eine Betrügerin vor
    8.
    what [or whatever] \next! und was kommt dann?
    so he decided to get married at lastwhatever \next! — children, I expect jetzt haben sie also endlich geheiratet — und was kommt als Nächstes? — Kinder, nehme ich an
    III. n (following one) der/die/das Nächste
    nothing ever changes, one day is very much like the \next nichts ändert sich, ein Tag gleicht so ziemlich dem anderen
    can we arrange a meeting for the week after \next? können wir uns übernächste Woche treffen?
    one moment he wasn't there, the \next he was kaum war er da, war er auch schon wieder weg
    \next in line der/die/das Nächste
    hey don't butt in in front of me — I was the \next in line he, drängen Sie sich nicht vor — ich war der/die Nächste
    he is \next in line to the throne er ist der Nächste in der Thronfolge
    from one day/moment/year/minute to the \next von einem Tag/Augenblick/Jahr/einer Minute auf den nächsten/das nächste/die nächste
    things don't change much here from one year to the \next die Dinge ändern sich hier von einem Jahr aufs andere kaum
    * * *
    [nekst]
    1. adj
    1) (in place) nächste(r, s)

    next ( Comput: command )weiter

    2) (in time) nächste(r, s)

    come back next week/Tuesday — kommen Sie nächste Woche/nächsten Dienstag wieder

    he came back the next day/week — er kam am nächsten Tag/in der nächsten Woche wieder

    (the) next time I see him — wenn ich ihn das nächste Mal sehe

    the year after next —

    3) (order) nächste(r, s)

    I knew I was the next person to speak — ich wusste, dass ich als Nächster sprechen sollte

    I'll ask the very next person (I see) — ich frage den Nächsten(, den ich sehe)

    the next but one —

    the next thing to do is (to) polish it — als Nächstes poliert man (es)

    the next thing I knew I... — bevor ich wusste, wie mir geschah,... ich...; (after fainting etc) das Nächste, woran ich mich erinnern kann, war, dass ich...

    the next size up/down — die nächstkleinere/nächstgrößere Größe

    2. adv
    1) (= the next time) das nächste Mal; (= afterwards) danach

    what shall we do next? —

    whatever next? (in surprise)Sachen gibts! (inf); (despairingly) wo soll das nur hinführen?

    2)

    next to sb/sth — neben jdm/etw; (with motion) neben jdn/etw

    the next to last row —

    the next to bottom shelf — das vorletzte Brett, das zweitunterste Brett

    next to nothing/nobody — so gut wie nichts/niemand

    next to impossible —

    I kept it next to my heart (most important thing) (dearest thing)es lag mir am meisten am Herzen es war mir das Liebste

    3)

    the next best — der/die/das Nächstbeste

    3. n
    Nächste(r) mf; (= child) Nächste(s) nt
    4. prep (old)
    neben (+dat)
    * * *
    next [nekst]
    A adj
    1. (Ort, Lage) nächst(er, e, es), nächststehend:
    the next house; door Bes Redew
    2. (Zeit, Reihenfolge) nächst(er, e, es), (unmittelbar) folgend:
    next month nächsten Monat;
    next time das nächste Mal, ein andermal, in Zukunft;
    the next day am nächsten oder folgenden oder anderen Tag
    3. unmittelbar vorhergehend oder folgend:
    next in size nächstgrößer(er, e, es) oder nächstkleiner(er, e, es)
    4. (an Rang) nächst(er, e, es)
    B adv
    1. (Ort, Zeit etc) als Nächste(r) oder Nächstes, gleich darauf:
    come next als Nächster (Nächste, Nächstes) folgen;
    his turn comes next after hers er kommt unmittelbar nach ihr dran
    2. nächstens, demnächst, das nächste Mal:
    when I saw him next als ich ihn das nächste Mal sah
    3. (bei Aufzählung) dann, darauf
    C präp obs
    1. gleich neben (dat oder akk)
    2. gleich nach (Rang, Reihenfolge)
    D s (der, die, das) Nächste:
    next, please der Nächste, bitte!;
    the next to come der Nächste;
    you are next Sie sind als Nächster dran;
    you’ll be next du wirst der Nächste sein;
    “to be continued in our next” „Fortsetzung folgt“;
    in my next obs in meinem nächsten SchreibenBesondere Redewendungen: next to
    a) gleich neben (dat od akk),
    b) gleich nach (Rang, Reihenfolge),
    c) beinahe, fast unmöglich etc, so gut wie nichts etc next to useless praktisch zwecklos;
    next to last zweitletzt(er, e, es);
    I got it for next to nothing ich hab’s für einen Apfel und ein Ei bekommen umg;
    next to the ( oder one’s) skin auf der bloßen Haut;
    next but one übernächst(er, e, es);
    the next best thing to do das Nächstbeste;
    (the) next moment im nächsten Augenblick;
    the next man ( oder person) der erste Beste;
    I’m as honest as the next man ich bin genauso ehrlich wie jeder andere oder wie alle anderen;
    my washing machine is as good as the next one meine Waschmaschine ist ebenso gut wie alle anderen;
    the river next ( oder the next river) to the Thames in length der nächstlängste Fluss nach der Themse;
    not till next time hum nie mehr bis zum nächsten Mal; what Bes Redew
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) (nearest) nächst...

    the next but one — der/die/das übernächste

    next to(fig.): (almost) fast; nahezu

    2) (in order) nächst...

    the next largest/larger — der/die/das nächstkleinere/nächstgrößere

    [the] next time — das nächste Mal

    the next best — der/die/das nächstbeste

    2. adverb
    (in the next place) als nächstes; (on the next occasion) das nächste Mal

    sit/stand next to somebody — neben jemandem sitzen/stehen

    place something next to somebody/something — etwas neben jemanden/etwas stellen

    come next to last (in race) zweitletzter/zweitletzte werden

    come next to bottom (in exam) der/die Zweitschlechteste sein

    3. noun
    1)

    the week after next — [die] übernächste Woche

    2) (person)

    next of kin — nächster/nächste Angehörige

    next please! — der nächste, bitte!

    * * *
    adj.
    nächstes adj. prep.
    nächst präp.

    English-german dictionary > next

  • 2 next

    [nekst] adj
    1) ( coming immediately after) nächste(r, s);
    the \next moment she was gone im nächsten Augenblick war sie weg;
    I'll be on holiday for the \next couple of days ich bin die nächsten zwei Tage auf Urlaub;
    this time \next year nächstes Jahr um diese Zeit;
    for the \next couple of weeks die nächsten paar Wochen;
    the \next day am nächsten Tag;
    \next month nächsten Monat;
    [the] \next time das nächste Mal, nächstes Mal;
    \next time I'll bring a hat nächstes Mal bringe ich einen Hut mit;
    on Monday \next nächsten Montag
    2) (next in order, space) nächste(r, s), folgende(r, s);
    the \next step is to find a house to buy als Nächstes müssen wir dann ein Haus finden, das wir kaufen können;
    take the \next turning on the right biegen Sie bei der nächsten Gelegenheit rechts ab;
    the woman in the \next room die Frau im Raum nebenan;
    the \next chapter das nächste Kapitel;
    as much as the \next person wie jede(r) andere [auch];
    the \next but one der/die/das Übernächste;
    she is the \next managing director but one sie ist die übernächste Geschäftsführerin;
    to be \next der/die Nächste sein, als Nächste(r) dran sein;
    who's \next please? wer ist der/die Nächste?;
    excuse me, I was \next Entschuldigung, ich komme als Nächste(r)
    PHRASES:
    the \next world das Jenseits adv
    1) ( subsequently) dann, gleich darauf;
    what would you like \next? was möchten Sie als Nächstes?;
    so what happened \next? was geschah als Nächstes?;
    \next, I heard the sound of voices dann hörte ich Stimmen
    2) ( again) das nächste Mal;
    when I saw him \next he had transformed himself als ich ihn das nächste Mal sah, sah er ganz verwandelt aus;
    when are you \next going to London? wann fährst du das nächste Mal nach London?
    3) ( second) zweit-;
    the opinion poll found that law and order is the most important political issue for voters and education is the \next most important bei der Meinungsumfrage kam heraus, dass Gesetze für die Wähler das wichtigste Thema sind, Bildung das zweitwichtigste;
    \next-to-last day ( esp Am) vorletzter Tag;
    he injured himself in a climbing accident on the \next-to-last day of his vacation er verletzte sich am vorletzten Tag seines Urlaubs bei einem Kletterunfall;
    the \next best thing die zweitbeste Sache;
    the \next oldest/ youngest der/die/das Zweitälteste/Zweitjüngste;
    Jo was the \next oldest after Martin Jo war der/die Zweitälteste nach Martin
    \next to sth/sb neben etw/jdm;
    who works in the office \next to yours? wer arbeitet in dem Büro neben dir?;
    I prefer to sit \next to the window when I'm on a plane ich sitze im Flugzeug am liebsten neben dem Fenster;
    we sat \next to each other wir saßen nebeneinander
    \next to sth nach etw dat;
    cheese is my favourite food and \next to cheese I like chocolate best Käse esse ich am liebsten und nach Käse mag ich am liebsten Schokolade
    6) ( almost)
    \next to... beinahe..., fast...;
    in \next to no time im Handumdrehen ( fam)
    there was very little traffic and it took \next to no time to get home es war sehr wenig Verkehr, und wir waren im Handumdrehen zu Hause;
    \next to impossible beinahe unmöglich;
    it's \next to impossible to find somewhere cheap to live in the city centre es ist fast unmöglich, eine günstige Wohnung im Stadtzentrum zu finden;
    \next to nothing fast gar nichts;
    Charles knew \next to nothing about farming Charles wusste fast nichts über Landwirtschaft
    \next to sb/ sth neben jdm/etw;
    \next to her I felt like a fraud neben ihr komme ich mir wie ein Betrüger/eine Betrügerin vor
    PHRASES:
    what [or whatever] \next! und was kommt dann?;
    so he decided to get married at last - whatever \next! - children, I expect jetzt haben sie also endlich geheiratet - und was kommt als Nächstes? - Kinder, nehme ich an n
    ( following one) der/die/das Nächste;
    nothing ever changes, one day is very much like the \next nichts ändert sich, ein Tag gleicht so ziemlich dem anderen;
    can we arrange a meeting for the week after \next? können wir uns übernächste Woche treffen?;
    one moment he wasn't there, the \next he was kaum war er da, war er auch schon wieder weg;
    \next in line der/die/das Nächste;
    hey don't butt in in front of me - I was the \next in line he, drängen Sie sich nicht vor - ich war der/die Nächste;
    he is \next in line to the throne er ist der Nächste in der Thronfolge;
    from one day/ moment/ year/minute to the \next von einem Tag/Augenblick/Jahr/einer Minute auf die nächste;
    things don't change much here from one year to the \next die Dinge ändern sich hier von einem Jahr aufs andere kaum

    English-German students dictionary > next

  • 3 gleich

    I Adj.
    1. (übereinstimmend) same, präd. the same; (identisch) identical; Bezahlung, Rechte etc.: equal; (einheitlich) uniform; fast gleich very similar; in gleicher Weise (in) the same way; zu gleichen Teilen equally; zu gleicher Zeit at the same time, simultaneously; gleiches Recht für alle equal rights for all; gleicher Lohn für gleiche Arbeit equal pay for equal work; gleiche Rechte, gleiche Pflichten Sprichw. equal rights, equal responsibilities; das Gleiche oder Gleiches gilt für the same applies to (umg. goes for); es kommt oder läuft aufs Gleiche hinaus oder das bleibt sich gleich umg. it doesn’t make any difference, it comes ( oder boils) down to the same thing; alle Menschen sind gleich (, nur einige sind gleicher hum.) all people ( oder men) are equal (, but some are more equal [than others])
    2. (ähnlich, vergleichbar) similar, like, präd. alike; Gleiches mit Gleichem vergelten give s.o. tit for tat, pay s.o. back in kind, repay like with like; Gleich und Gleich gesellt sich gern Sprichw. birds of a feather (flock together)
    3. (unverändert) the same, unchanged; gleich bleiben stay the same; das wird immer gleich bleiben it’ll never change; mit stets gleicher Höflichkeit with unfailing courtesy; er ist nicht mehr der Gleiche he’s not the man I ( oder we) used to know, he’s really changed, you wouldn’t recognize him any more
    4. MATH., Winkel etc.: equal; Vorzeichen, Größe etc.: same, like; PHYS., Ladung, Pole: like; in gleichem Abstand voneinander equidistant from each other; x ist gleich y x equals y; 7 - 2 ist gleich 5 7 - 2 is ( oder leaves) 5; 5 + 2 ist gleich 7 5 + 2 equals 7; gleich null setzen equate to zero
    5. (egal): es ist mir gleich umg. it’s all the same to me; ganz gleich wann / wo etc. whenever / wherever etc. (it is), no matter when / where etc. (it is); es ist ganz gleich, wann / wo etc. it doesn’t matter ( oder make any difference) when / where etc.; das kann dir doch gleich sein umg. why should you care?
    II Adv.
    1. alike, equally; gleich alt / groß etc. the same age / size etc.; es geht uns diesmal allen gleich we’re all in the same boat this time; sie stehen gleich SPORT they’re drawing; in der Tabelle: they’re level on points; gleich bleibend always the same; (unveränderlich) constant, invariable; Kurs, Barometer etc.: steady; gleich denkend oder gesinnt like-minded; gleich geartet of the same kind; (ähnlich) similar; gleich gelagerte Fälle similar cases; gleich gerichtet Ziele, Interessen etc.: similar, parallel; TECH. synchronous; ETECH. unidirectional; gleich gesinnte Leute people with the same kind of interest ( oder outlook etc.); gleich gestellt on an equal footing (+ Dat with); gesellschaftlich: on the same social level; gleich gestimmt Instrumente: tuned to the same pitch; fig. in tune (with one another); gleich gestimmte Seelen kindred spirits; gleich lautend Text: identical, with the same wording; Inhalt: to the same effect; Wörter: homonymic; bei verschiedener Schreibung: homophonic; gleich lautendes Wort auch geschrieben: homonym; vom Klang: homophone; gleich lautende Abschrift true copy
    2. (unmittelbar) right, straight, just, directly; (sofort) straightaway, immediately; gleich zu Beginn right at the outset; (als Anfang) to start off with; gleich daneben right beside ( oder next to) it; gleich gegenüber right ( oder directly) opposite; gleich als as soon as; gleich nach( dem) right ( oder straight) after; ( jetzt) gleich right now, this minute; gleich! hinhaltend: just a minute, give us a chance umg.; ( ich komme) gleich! (I’m) coming!, I’m on my way!; ich ging gleich hin I went straight there; es muss nicht gleich sein there’s no hurry; Kollege kommt gleich im Restaurant: you’ll be served right away; ich bin gleich wieder da I won’t be long; (sofort) I won’t be a minute; komme gleich wieder Schild: will be right back, be back in a jiffy umg.; bis gleich! see you in a minute ( oder later); das haben wir gleich oder das ist gleich geschehen it won’t take a minute, we’ll have that done ( oder fixed) in no time; es ist gleich zehn ( Uhr) it’s nearly ten (o’clock)
    3. umg., nachfragend: wie heißt er ( noch) gleich? what’s ( oder what was) his name again?; was wollte ich gleich sagen? what was I going to say?; wo war es gleich? where was it now?
    4. umg. (auf einmal) at a time, at once; sie hat gleich drei Portionen gegessen she ate three helpings at once; er hat gleich zwei Freundinnen auf einmal he has two girlfriends (on the go) at the same time
    5. umg., Gefühle oder Absicht ausdrückend: das hört sich gleich ganz anders an! that’s better, that’s more like it; willst du wohl gleich den Mund halten! drohend: will you shut up!; gleich passiert was! drohend: there’s going to be trouble!; warum nicht gleich so? ungeduldig: what’s keeping you etc.?; es muss nicht gleich... heißen / sein beruhigend: it doesn’t mean to say (that) / it doesn’t (necessarily) have to be; dann kann ich es ja gleich bleiben lassen! verärgert: then I might as well forget it ( oder give up now)!; geh doch nicht gleich in die Luft! there’s no need to lose your temper; wein doch nicht gleich there’s no need to cry; das dachte ich mir doch gleich! I thought so ( oder as much); habe ich es nicht gleich gesagt? what did I say?
    III Präp. geh.: gleich einem König like a king; einem Wunder gleich as if by magic
    * * *
    (identisch) equally (Adv.); even (Adv.); same (Adj.);
    (rechnerisch) equal (Adj.); even (Adj.);
    (sofort) without delay (Adv.); instantly (Adv.); in a moment (Adv.); readily (Adv.);
    (ähnlich) alike (Adj.); like (Adj.)
    * * *
    [glaiç]
    1. ADJEKTIV
    1) = identisch, ähnlich same

    das gleiche, aber nicht dasselbe Auto — a similar car, but not the same one

    der/die/das gleiche... wie — the same... as

    in gleicher Weisein the same way

    zur gleichen Zeitat the same time

    die beiden haben gleiches Gewichtthey are both the same weight, they both weigh the same

    ich fahre den gleichen Wagen wie Sie — I drive the same car as you

    das kommt or läuft aufs Gleiche hinaus — it amounts to the same thing

    wir wollten alle das Gleichewe all wanted the same thing

    es waren die Gleichen, die... — it was the same ones who...

    ihr Männer seid doch alle gleich! — you men are all the same!

    es ist mir ( alles or ganz) gleich — it's all the same to me

    Gleich und Gleich gesellt sich gern (Prov)birds of a feather flock together (Prov)

    Gleiches mit Gleichem vergeltento pay someone back in the same coin (Brit), to pay sb back in kind

    ganz gleich wer/was etc — no matter who/what etc

    2) = gleichwertig, gleichberechtigt equal

    in gleichem Abstandat an equal distance

    zwei mal zwei (ist) gleich vier — two twos are four, two times two is four

    vier plus/durch/minus zwei ist gleich... — four plus/divided by/minus two is...

    gleich seinto be sb's equal (in sth)

    gleiche Rechte, gleiche Pflichten — equal rights, equal responsibilities

    alle Menschen sind gleich, nur einige sind gleicher (hum) — all men are equal, but some are more equal than others

    2. ADVERB
    1) = ohne Unterschied equally; (= auf gleiche Weise) alike, the same

    sie sind gleich groß/alt/schwer — they are the same size/age/weightdiams; gleich bleibend

    2) räumlich right, just
    3) zeitlich = sofort immediately; (= bald) in a minute

    gleich zu or am Anfang — right at the beginning, at the very beginning

    ich werde ihn gleich morgen besuchenI'll go and see him tomorrow

    warum nicht gleich so? — why didn't you say/do that in the first place?

    na komm schon! – gleich! — come along! – I'm just coming! or – I'll be right there

    wann machst du das? – gleich! — when are you going to do it? – right away or in just a moment

    gleich als or nachdem er... — as soon as he...

    so wirkt das Bild gleich ganz anders — suddenly, the picture has changed completely

    wenn das stimmt, kann ichs ja gleich aufgeben — if that's true I might as well give up right now

    er ging gleich in die Küche/vor Gericht — he went straight to the kitchen/to court

    bis gleich!see you later!

    wie war doch gleich die Nummer/Ihr Name? — what was the number/your name again?

    3. PRÄPOSITION (+dat)(liter)
    like

    einer Epidemie gleich, gleich einer Epidemie — like an epidemic

    4. BINDEWORT(old, liter)

    ob er gleich... — although he...

    wenn er gleich... — even if he...

    * * *
    1) (like one another; similar: Twins are often very alike.) alike
    2) (in the same way: He treated all his children alike.) alike
    3) (level; the same in height, amount etc: Are the table-legs even?; an even temperature.) even
    4) (equal (in number, amount etc): The teams have scored one goal each and so they are even now.) even
    6) (the same in size, amount, value etc: four equal slices; coins of equal value; Are these pieces equal in size? Women want equal wages with men.) equal
    7) (of the same height, standard etc: The top of the kitchen sink is level with the window-sill; The scores of the two teams are level.) level
    8) (soon: He will be here presently.) presently
    9) (alike; very similar: The houses in this road are all the same; You have the same eyes as your brother (has).) same
    10) (not different: My friend and I are the same age; He went to the same school as me.) same
    11) (unchanged: My opinion is the same as it always was.) same
    12) ((usually with the) the same thing: He sat down and we all did the same.) same
    * * *
    [ˈglaiç]
    I. adj
    zwei mal zwei [ist] \gleich vier two times two is [or equals] four
    PC ist nicht \gleich PC PCs are not all the same
    \gleiche Dreiecke MATH congruent triangles spec
    die \gleichen Gesichter the same faces
    \gleicher Lohn für \gleiche Arbeit equal pay for equal work
    in \gleichem Maße to the same degree/extent
    alle Menschen sind \gleich[, nur einige sind \gleicher (iron)] all people are equal [but some are more equal than others iron]
    im \gleichen Moment at that very [or the same] moment
    \gleichen Namens of the same name
    am \gleichen Ort at/in the same place
    \gleiches Recht für alle equal rights pl for all
    \gleiche Rechte/Pflichten equal rights/responsibilities
    am \gleichen Tag [on] the same day, that same day
    in \gleicher [o auf die \gleiche] Weise in the same way
    zur \gleichen Zeit at the same time
    ein G\gleiches tun (geh) to do the same
    G\gleiches mit G \gleichem vergelten to pay like with like, to give tit for tat
    der/die/das G\gleiche the same [one]
    das G\gleiche gilt für dich the same goes for [or applies to] you
    das G\gleiche vorhaben/wollen to have the same intentions/objectives
    der/die/das G\gleiche wie.. the same as...
    [ganz] \gleich, was/wer/wie [...] no matter what/who/how [...]
    jdm ist jd/etw \gleich sb does not care about sb/sth, sb/sth is all the same to sb
    das ist mir \gleich I don't care
    3. (unverändert) same attr
    [sich dat] \gleich bleiben to stay [or remain] the same [or unchanged]; Messwert a. to stay [or remain] constant [or steady]
    du bist dir in deinem Wesen immer \gleich geblieben you've always had the same nature
    das bleibt sich doch \gleich (fam) it's the same thing, it makes no difference
    \gleich bleibend constant/constantly, steady/steadily; konsequent consistent/consistently
    jedes Jahr waren es \gleich bleibend rund 1000 Anfragen each year saw a consistent number of about 1000 requests
    in \gleich bleibendem Abstand at a steady distance
    der/die/das G\gleiche [wie...] the same [as...]
    es ist immer das [ewig] G\gleiche it's always the same [old thing]
    sie ist immer die G\gleiche geblieben she's never changed
    aufs G\gleiche hinauslaufen [o hinauskommen] it comes [or boils] down [or amounts] to the same thing
    4.
    etw ins G\gleiche bringen (geh) to sort out sth sep
    G\gleich und G \gleich gesellt sich gern (prov) birds of a feather flock together prov
    von G\gleich zu G \gleich on an equal footing
    II. adv
    \gleich alt the same age pred
    \gleich groß/lang equally large/long, equal in [or the same] size/length pred
    \gleich schwer equally heavy, the same weight pred
    etw \gleich tun to do sth the same
    \gleich aufgebaut/gekleidet sein to have the same structure/to be wearing identical clothes
    jdn \gleich behandeln to treat sb alike
    \gleich bezahlt werden to be paid the same, to receive the same pay
    \gleich gelagert comparable
    \gleich gesinnt [o denkend] like-minded, of like minds pred
    \gleich gestimmte Seelen kindred spirits [or souls]
    \gleich lautend identical; Text a. identically worded; LING homonymous spec
    der Appell wurde \gleich lautend in vielen Zeitungen gedruckt the same appeal was printed in many newspapers
    2. (bald) just, in a minute [or moment]; (sofort a.) straight away
    \gleich nach dem Frühstück right [or straight] after breakfast
    es ist \gleich ein Uhr it's almost [or nearly] one o'clock
    es muss nicht \gleich sein you don't have to do it right [or straight] away, there's no hurry
    bis \gleich! see you then [or later]!; (sofort) see you in a minute [or moment]!
    ich komme \gleich! I'm just coming!, I'll be right there!
    habe ich es nicht \gleich gesagt! what did I tell you?, I told you so!
    warum nicht \gleich so? why didn't you say so/do that in the first place?
    \gleich danach [o darauf] soon afterwards [or AM also afterward]; (sofort) right away, straight [or right] afterwards [or AM also afterward]
    \gleich jetzt [right] now
    \gleich heute/morgen [first thing] today/tomorrow
    3. (daneben) immediately, right
    \gleich als [o nachdem] ... as soon as...
    \gleich dahinter just [or right] behind it
    \gleich danach just [or right] [or immediately] after it
    \gleich daneben right beside [or next to] it
    4. usu + Zahl (zugleich)
    sie kaufte sich \gleich zwei Paar she bought two pairs!
    drei Autos, nein, \gleich vier besitzt sie she owns three — no, four cars
    III. part
    1. in Fragesätzen (noch)
    wie war doch \gleich Ihr Name? what was your name again?
    was hast du \gleich gesagt? what was that you were saying?
    wir können \gleich zu Hause bleiben we can just [or might] as well stay at home
    du brauchst nicht \gleich zu weinen there's no need to start crying
    \gleich gar nicht/nichts not/nothing at all
    IV. präp +dat (geh)
    \gleich jdm/etw [o jdm/etw \gleich] like sb/sth
    * * *
    1.
    1) (identisch, von derselben Art) same; (gleichberechtigt, gleichwertig, Math.) equal

    dreimal zwei [ist] gleich sechs — three times two equals or is six

    gleich bleibenremain or stay the same; (konstant) remain or stay constant or steady

    das bleibt sich [doch] gleich — (ugs.) it makes no difference

    gleich bleibend (konstant) constant; steady

    das Gleiche wollen/beabsichtigen — have the same objective[s pl.]/intentions pl.

    das kommt auf das Gleiche od. aufs Gleiche heraus — it amounts or comes to the same thing

    Gleiches mit gleichem vergelten — pay somebody back in his/her own coin or in kind

    Gleich und Gleich gesellt sich gern(Spr.) birds of a feather flock together (prov.)

    gleich lautend — identical; identically worded

    2) (ugs.): (gleichgültig)

    ganz gleich, wer anruft,... — no matter who calls,...

    2.

    gleich groß/alt usw. sein — be the same height/age etc.

    gleich gut/schlecht — usw. equally good/bad etc.

    gleich aufgebaut/gekleidet — having the same structure/wearing identical clothes

    3) (sofort) at once; right or straight away; (bald) in a moment or minute

    es ist gleich zehn Uhrit is almost or nearly ten o'clock

    das habe ich [euch] gleich gesagt — I told you so; what did I tell you?

    4) (räumlich) right; immediately; just

    gleich rechts/links — just or immediately on the right/left

    3.
    Präposition + Dat. (geh.) like
    4.
    1)

    nun wein' nicht gleich/sei nicht gleich böse — don't start crying/don't get cross

    wie hieß er gleich?what was his name [again]?

    * * *
    A. adj
    1. (übereinstimmend) same, präd the same; (identisch) identical; Bezahlung, Rechte etc: equal; (einheitlich) uniform;
    fast gleich very similar;
    in gleicher Weise (in) the same way;
    zu gleicher Zeit at the same time, simultaneously;
    gleiches Recht für alle equal rights for all;
    gleicher Lohn für gleiche Arbeit equal pay for equal work;
    gleiche Rechte, gleiche Pflichten sprichw equal rights, equal responsibilities;
    Gleiches gilt für the same applies to (umg goes for);
    das bleibt sich gleich umg it doesn’t make any difference, it comes ( oder boils) down to the same thing;
    nur einige sind gleicher hum) all people ( oder men) are equal (, but some are more equal [than others])
    2. (ähnlich, vergleichbar) similar, like, präd alike;
    Gleiches mit Gleichem vergelten give sb tit for tat, pay sb back in kind, repay like with like;
    Gleich und Gleich gesellt sich gern sprichw birds of a feather (flock together)
    3. (unverändert) the same, unchanged;
    mit stets gleicher Höflichkeit with unfailing courtesy;
    er ist nicht mehr der Gleiche he’s not the man I ( oder we) used to know, he’s really changed, you wouldn’t recognize him any more
    4. MATH, Winkel etc: equal; Vorzeichen, Größe etc: same, like; PHYS, Ladung, Pole: like;
    in gleichem Abstand voneinander equidistant from each other;
    x ist gleich y x equals y;
    7 – 2 ist gleich 5 7 – 2 is ( oder leaves) 5;
    5 + 2 ist gleich 7 5 + 2 equals 7;
    gleich null setzen equate to zero
    5. (egal):
    es ist mir gleich umg it’s all the same to me;
    ganz gleich wann/wo etc whenever/wherever etc (it is), no matter when/where etc (it is);
    es ist ganz gleich, wann/wo etc it doesn’t matter ( oder make any difference) when/where etc;
    das kann dir doch gleich sein umg why should you care?
    B. adv
    1. alike, equally;
    gleich alt/groß etc the same age/size etc;
    es geht uns diesmal allen gleich we’re all in the same boat this time;
    gesinnt like-minded;
    gleich gelagerte Fälle similar cases;
    gleich gerichtet Ziele, Interessen etc: similar, parallel; TECH synchronous; ELEK unidirectional;
    gleich gesinnte Leute people with the same kind of interest ( oder outlook etc);
    gleich gestimmt Instrumente: tuned to the same pitch; fig in tune (with one another);
    gleich gestimmte Seelen kindred spirits;
    2. (unmittelbar) right, straight, just, directly; (sofort) straightaway, immediately;
    gleich zu Beginn right at the outset; (als Anfang) to start off with;
    gleich daneben right beside ( oder next to) it;
    gleich gegenüber right ( oder directly) opposite;
    gleich als as soon as;
    gleich nach(dem) right ( oder straight) after;
    (jetzt) gleich right now, this minute;
    gleich! hinhaltend: just a minute, give us a chance umg;
    (ich komme) gleich! (I’m) coming!, I’m on my way!;
    ich ging gleich hin I went straight there;
    es muss nicht gleich sein there’s no hurry;
    Kollege kommt gleich im Restaurant: you’ll be served right away;
    ich bin gleich wieder da I won’t be long; (sofort) I won’t be a minute;
    komme gleich wieder Schild: will be right back, be back in a jiffy umg;
    bis gleich! see you in a minute ( oder later);
    das ist gleich geschehen it won’t take a minute, we’ll have that done ( oder fixed) in no time;
    es ist gleich zehn (Uhr) it’s nearly ten (o’clock)
    3. umg, nachfragend:
    wie heißt er (noch) gleich? what’s ( oder what was) his name again?;
    was wollte ich gleich sagen? what was I going to say?;
    wo war es gleich? where was it now?
    4. umg (auf einmal) at a time, at once;
    sie hat gleich drei Portionen gegessen she ate three helpings at once;
    er hat gleich zwei Freundinnen auf einmal he has two girlfriends (on the go) at the same time
    das hört sich gleich ganz anders an! that’s better, that’s more like it;
    willst du wohl gleich den Mund halten! drohend: will you shut up!;
    gleich passiert was! drohend: there’s going to be trouble!;
    warum nicht gleich so? ungeduldig: what’s keeping you etc?;
    es muss nicht gleich … heißen/sein beruhigend: it doesn’t mean to say (that)/it doesn’t (necessarily) have to be;
    dann kann ich es ja gleich bleiben lassen! verärgert: then I might as well forget it ( oder give up now)!;
    geh doch nicht gleich in die Luft! there’s no need to lose your temper;
    wein doch nicht gleich there’s no need to cry;
    das dachte ich mir doch gleich! I thought so ( oder as much);
    habe ich es nicht gleich gesagt? what did I say?
    C. präp geh:
    gleich einem König like a king;
    einem Wunder gleich as if by magic
    * * *
    1.
    1) (identisch, von derselben Art) same; (gleichberechtigt, gleichwertig, Math.) equal

    dreimal zwei [ist] gleich sechs — three times two equals or is six

    gleich bleibenremain or stay the same; (konstant) remain or stay constant or steady

    sich (Dat.) gleich bleiben — remain the same

    das bleibt sich [doch] gleich — (ugs.) it makes no difference

    gleich bleibend (konstant) constant; steady

    das Gleiche wollen/beabsichtigen — have the same objective[s pl.]/intentions pl.

    das kommt auf das Gleiche od. aufs Gleiche heraus — it amounts or comes to the same thing

    Gleiches mit gleichem vergelten — pay somebody back in his/her own coin or in kind

    Gleich und Gleich gesellt sich gern(Spr.) birds of a feather flock together (prov.)

    gleich lautend — identical; identically worded

    2) (ugs.): (gleichgültig)

    ganz gleich, wer anruft,... — no matter who calls,...

    2.

    gleich groß/alt usw. sein — be the same height/age etc.

    gleich gut/schlecht — usw. equally good/bad etc.

    gleich aufgebaut/gekleidet — having the same structure/wearing identical clothes

    3) (sofort) at once; right or straight away; (bald) in a moment or minute

    es ist gleich zehn Uhrit is almost or nearly ten o'clock

    das habe ich [euch] gleich gesagt — I told you so; what did I tell you?

    4) (räumlich) right; immediately; just

    gleich rechts/links — just or immediately on the right/left

    3.
    Präposition + Dat. (geh.) like
    4.
    1)

    nun wein' nicht gleich/sei nicht gleich böse — don't start crying/don't get cross

    wie hieß er gleich? — what was his name [again]?

    * * *
    (Mathematik) adj.
    equal adj. adj.
    alike adj.
    equal adj.
    like adj.
    right adj.
    same adj.
    similar adj. adv.
    equally adv.
    in a moment expr.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > gleich

  • 4 sofort

    Adv. straightaway, immediately, at once; er ging sofort ins Bett auch he went straight to bed; ( ich komme) sofort! just coming!; ich bin sofort bei dir I’ll be with you right away ( oder right with you); er kommt sofort he’s just coming, he’s on his way; er war sofort tot he died instantly, it was (an) instant death; das Kind fing sofort an zu schreien, als ich das Zimmer verließ started screaming the moment ( oder minute) I left the room oder as soon as I left the room; sofort lieferbar / zahlbar spot delivery / payment; ... gilt ab sofort comes into force immediately, has immediate force; ab sofort durchgehend geöffnet open 24 hours with immediate effect ( oder from now on); Passbild
    * * *
    at once; instantaneously; immediately; instantly; right away; straightaway; in a moment; in a minute; anon; straightway
    * * *
    so|fọrt [zo'fɔrt]
    adv
    immediately, straight or right away, at once

    sofort nach... — immediately after...

    komm hierher, aber sofort or und zwar sofort! — come here this instant or at once!

    (ich) komme sofort! — (I'm) just coming!; (Kellner etc) I'll be right with you

    * * *
    1) (almost at once: He will be here directly.) directly
    2) (at once: He answered immediately.) immediately
    3) (without much warning time for preparation etc: He had to make the speech at very short notice when his boss suddenly fell ill.) at short notice
    4) (immediately: Go away at once!) at once
    5) (immediately: He promptly accepted my offer.) promptly
    6) (immediately; at once.) right away
    7) (immediately: I'll go right after lunch; I'll come right down.) right
    * * *
    so·fort
    [zoˈfɔrt]
    adv immediately, forthwith form, at once, [right] now, this instant
    komm \sofort her! come here this instant!
    * * *
    Adverb immediately; at once

    ich bin sofort fertig — I'll be ready in a moment; (mit einer Arbeit) I'll be finished in a moment

    * * *
    sofort adv straightaway, immediately, at once;
    er ging sofort ins Bett auch he went straight to bed;
    (ich komme) sofort! just coming!;
    ich bin sofort bei dir I’ll be with you right away ( oder right with you);
    er kommt sofort he’s just coming, he’s on his way;
    er war sofort tot he died instantly, it was (an) instant death;
    fing sofort an zu schreien, als ich das Zimmer verließ started screaming the moment ( oder minute) I left the room oder as soon as I left the room;
    sofort lieferbar/zahlbar spot delivery/payment;
    … gilt ab sofort comes into force immediately, has immediate force;
    ab sofort durchgehend geöffnet open 24 hours with immediate effect ( oder from now on); Passbild
    * * *
    Adverb immediately; at once

    ich bin sofort fertig — I'll be ready in a moment; (mit einer Arbeit) I'll be finished in a moment

    * * *
    adj.
    immediate adj.
    instant adj.
    instantaneous adj. adv.
    at once expr.
    immediately adv.
    in a moment expr.
    instantaneously adv.
    instantly adv.
    pronto* adv.
    right away adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > sofort

  • 5 तद् _tad

    तद् pron., a. (Nom. sing. सः m., सा f., तत् n.)
    1 That referring to something not present; (तदिति परोक्षे विजानी- यात्)
    -2 He, she, it; (oft. as corr. of यद्); यस्य बुद्धिर्बलं तस्य Pt.1.
    -3 That i. e. well-known; सा रम्या नगरी महान्स नृपतिः सामन्तचक्रं च तत् Bh.3.37; Ku.5.71.
    -4 That (referring to something seen or experienced before, अनुभूतार्थः; उत्कम्पिनी भयपरिस्खलितांशुकान्ता ते लोचने प्रतिदिशं विधुरे क्षिपन्ती K. P.7; Bv.2.5.
    -5 The same, identical, that, very; usually with एव; तानीन्द्रियाणि सकलानि तदेव नाम Bh.2.4. Sometimes the forms of तद् are used with the first and second personal pronouns, as well as with demonstratives and relatives, for the sake of emphasis; (often translatable by 'therefore', 'then'); सो$हमिज्याविशुद्धात्मा R.1.69; 'I that very person', 'I therefore'; (I who am so and so); स त्वं निवर्तस्व विहाय लज्जाम् 2.4 'thou, therefore, shouldst return', &c. When repea- ted तद् has the sense of 'several', 'various'; तेषु तेषु स्थानेषु K.369; Bg.7.2; Māl.1.36; ते ते भावाः 1.17. तेन the instr. of तद् is often used with adverbial force in the sense of 'therefore', 'on that account', 'in that case', 'for that reason.' तेन हि if so, well then. -ind.
    1 There, thither.
    -2 Then, in that case, at that time.
    -3 For that reason, therefore, consequently; तदेहि विमर्दक्षमां भूमिमवतरावः U.5; Me.7,19; R.3.46.
    -4 Then (corr. of यदि); तथापि यदि महत्कुतूहलं तत्कथयामि K.136; Bg.1.46. -n.
    1 The Supreme Spirit or Brahman; तद्भावभावी तद्बुद्धिः Mb.12. 323.29; Bg.17.23.
    -2 This world.
    -Comp. -अतिपात a. going beyond the bounds.
    -अनन्तर a. next to that. (-ind.) immediately after that, thereupon.
    -अनु ind. after that, afterwards; संदेशं मे तदनु जलद श्रोष्यसि श्रोत्र- पेयम् Me.13; R.16.87; Māl.9.26.
    -अनुसरणम् going after that.
    -अन्त a. perishing in that, ending thus.
    -अन्य a. other than that.
    -अपेक्ष a. having regard to that.
    -अर्थ, -अर्थीय a.
    1 intended for that.
    -2 having that meaning.
    -अर्थम् on that account, with that object, therefore; स्वस्रीयं मम राजेन्द्र द्रष्टुकामो महीपतिः । तदर्थ- मुपयातो$हमयोध्यां रघुनन्दन ॥ Rām.1.73.4.
    -अर्ह a. meriting that.
    -अवधि ind.
    1 so far; upto that period, till then; तदवधि कुशली पुराणशास्त्रस्मृतिशतचारुविचारजो विवेकः Bv. 2.14.
    -2 from that time, since then; श्वासो दीर्घस्तदवधि मुखे पाण्डिमा Bv.2.79.
    -अवस्थ a. so circumstanced.
    -एकचित्त a. having the mind solely fixed on that; H.
    -कर a. serving, obeying as servant.
    -काल 1 the current moment, present time.
    -2 that time. ˚धी a. having presence of mind.
    -कालम् ind.
    1 instantly, immediately.
    -2 at that time, at a certain time.
    -कालीन a. simultaneous; ब्रह्मन्कालान्तरकृतं तत्कालीनं कथं भवेत् Bhāg.1.12.41.
    -क्षणः 1 present, time being, present or current moment; R.1.51.
    -2 the same moment.
    -3 a measure of time.
    -क्षणम्, -क्षणात् ind. immediately, directly, instantly; सेकान्ते मुनिकन्याभिस्तत्- क्षणोज्झितवृक्षकम् R.3.14; Śi.9.5; Y.2.14; Amaru. 83.
    -क्रिय a. working without wages.
    -गत a. gone or directed to that, intent on that, devoted to that, belonging to that; तद्गतेनैव चेतसा Ks.3.68. (
    -तः) the continued multiplication of four or more like quantities.
    -गुण a. possessing those qualities.
    (-णः) 1 the quality or virtue of anything; R.1.9.
    -2 a figure of speech (in Rhet.); स्वमुत्सृज्य गुणं योगादत्युज्ज्वलगुणस्य यत् । वस्तु तद्गुण- तामेति भण्यते स तु तद्गुणः ॥ K. P.1.137; see Chandr.5.141. ˚संविज्ञानः a term applied to those Bahuvrīhi compounds in which the qualities denoted by the name are perceiv- ed along with the thing itself; as लंबकर्ण; cf. अतद्गुणसंविज्ञान also.
    - a. immediate, instantaneous.
    -ज्ञः a knowing or intelligent man, wise man, philosopher.
    -तृतीय a. doing that for the third time.
    -देश्य a. coming from the same country.
    -देश्यः a fellow countryman.
    -धन a. miserly, niggardly.
    -धर्मिन् a. obeying his laws; तद्धर्मिणां निवसतां विषमः स्वभावः Bhāg.3.15.32.
    -धर्म्य a. of that kind; Bhāg.5.14.2.
    -पदार्थः the Supreme Being.
    -पर a.
    1 following that, coming after that, inferior.
    -2 having that as the highest ob- ject, closely intent on, exclusively devoted to, eagerly engaged in (usually in comp.); सम्राट् समाराधनतत्परो$भूत् R.2.5;1.66; Me.1; Y.1.83; Ms.3.262.
    -3 diligent. (
    -रः) the thirtieth part of a twinkling of the eye. (
    -रा) one sixtieth of a second of a circle. ˚ता, ˚त्वम्
    1 intentness, entire devotion or addiction to a thing.
    -2 inferiority.
    -परायण a. solely devoted or attached to anything.
    -पुरुषः 1 the original or Supreme Spirit.
    -2 N. of a class of compounds in which the first member determines the sense of the other member, or in which the last member is defined or qualified by the first, without losing its original independence; as तत्पुरुषः; तत्पुरुष कर्मधारय येनाहं स्यां बहुव्रीहिः Udb. उत्तरपदप्रधानस्तत्पुरुषः
    -पूर्व a.
    1 happening or occurring for the first time; अकारि तत्पूर्वनिबद्धया तया Ku.5.1;7.3; R.2.42;14.38.
    -2 prior, former.
    -पूर्वम् ind. that for the first time; Ki.7.11.
    -प्रथम a. doing that for the first time; Ku.5.66.
    -फल a. having that as a fruit or result.
    (-लः) 1 the white water-lily.
    -2 a kind of perfume.
    -बलः a kind of arrow.
    -भव a. sprung from Sanskṛit &c. (as Prākṛit or other words).
    -भावः becoming that.
    -मात्रम् 1 merely that, only a trifle, a very small quantity; तन्मात्रादेव कुपितो राजा Ks.6.15.
    -2 (in phil.) a subtle and primary element (such as शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस and गन्ध) तन्मात्राण्यविशेषाः Sān. K.38; गणस्तन्मात्रपञ्चकश्चैव Sān. K.24; Bhāg.11.24.7.
    -मात्रिक a. consisting of rudi- mentary atoms; अर्थस्तन्मात्रिकाज्जज्ञे Bhāg.11.24.8.
    -राजः an affix added to some proper names to form from them the names of the 'king' or 'chief'; as from अङ्ग is formed आङ्ग 'king of the Aṅgas' by the affix अण्.
    -रूप a. thus shaped, so formed; of the same quality.
    -वाचक a. denoting or signifying that.
    -विद् a.
    1 knowing that.
    -2 knowing the truth.
    -विद्य a. a Connoisseur, expert.
    -विध a. of that kind or sort; भक्त्योपपन्नेषु हि तद्विधानां प्रसादचिह्नानि पुरः फलानि R.2.22; Ku.5.73; Ms.2.112.
    -संख्याक a. of that number; Y.2.6. com.
    -समनन्तरम् ind. immediately upon that; Ks.4.24.
    -स्थ a. being on or in that, connected with it. (
    -स्थः) a particular mode of multiplication.
    -हित a. good for that.
    -(तः) 1 an affix added to primary bases to form derivative or secondary bases from them.
    -2 a noun formed by a Taddhita affix, a derivative noun.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > तद् _tad

  • 6 अनन्तर _anantara

    अनन्तर a. [नास्ति अन्तरं व्यवधानं, मध्यः; अवकाशः &c. यस्य]
    1 Having no interior or interior space, limitless; तदेतत् ब्रह्म अपूर्वमनन्तरं अवाह्यम् Br. Up.2.5.19.
    -2 Having no interval or interstice or pause (of space or time); compact, close; हलो$नन्तराः संयोगः P.I.1.7, See संयोग.
    -3 (a) Contiguous, neighbouring, adjoining; Rām.4.21. 14; अनयत् प्रभुशक्तिसंपदा वशमेको नृपतीननन्तरान् R.8.19; भारतवर्षा- दुत्तरेण अनन्तरे किंपुरुषनाम्नि वर्षे K.136; immediately adjoining; Ki.2.53. R.7.21; not distant from (with abl.); आत्मनो$नन्तरममात्यपदं ग्राहितः Mu.4; ब्रह्मावर्तादनन्तरः Ms.2.19 (Kull. अनन्तरः किंचिदूनः); अरेः अनन्तरं मित्रम् 7.158; or in comp.; विषयानन्तरो राजा शत्रुः Ak. who is an immediate neighbour.
    -4 Immediately before or after; Rām.4. 29.31. तदिदं क्रियतामनन्तरं भवता बन्धुजनप्रयोजनम् Ku.4.32 soon after, just afterwards; अनन्तरोदीरितलक्ष्मभाजौ पादौ यदीयावुपजातयस्ताः Chānd. M. having characteristics mentioned just before.
    -5 Following, coming close upon (in comp.); शङ्खस्वनानन्तरपुष्पवृष्टि Ku.1.23;2.53; ˚कर- णीयम् Ś.4 the next duty, what should be done next.
    -6 Belonging to the caste immediately following; पुत्रा ये$नन्तरस्त्रीजाः Ms.1.14.
    -7 Uninterrupted, unbroken, continuous. सुखदुःखावृते लोके नेहास्त्येकमनन्तरम् Mb.12.153. 89.
    -8 Straight, direct (साक्षात्). अथवा$नन्तरकृतं किंचिदेव निदर्शनम् Mb.12.35.9.
    -रम् [न. त.]
    1 Contiguity, pro- ximity; अनन्तरविहिते चास्यासने K.93.
    -2 Brahman, the supreme soul (as being of one entire essence).
    -रम् ind. [Strictly it is acc. of time कालात्यन्तसंयोगः; नास्ति अन्तरं यथा स्या तथा]
    1 Immediately after, afterwards.
    -2 (with a prepositional force) After (with abl.); पुराणपत्त्रापग- मादनन्तरम् R.3.7; त्यागाच्छान्तिरनन्तरम् Bg.12.12; गोदानविधे- रनन्तरम् R.3.33,36.;2.71; स्वामिनो$नन्तरं भृत्याः Pt.1; rarely with gen.; अङ्गदं चाधिरूढस्तु लक्ष्मणो$नन्तरं मम Rām.; or in comp.; घनोदयाः प्राक् तदनन्तरं पयः Ś7.3.; R.4. 2.; Ms.3.252, Y.2.41; वचनानन्तरमेव K.78 immedia- tely after those words.
    -Comp. -जः or
    जा [अनन्तरस्या अनन्तरवर्णाया मातुः जायते]
    1 the child of a Kṣatriyā or Vai- śyā mother, by a father belonging to the caste imme- diately above the mother's, स्त्रीष्वनन्तरजातासु द्विजैरुत्वादिता- न्सुतान् । सदृशानेव तानाहुर्मातृदोषविगर्हितान् ॥ Ms.1.6.
    -2 born immediately before or after; a younger or elder brother. Legitimate son (औरसः); आत्मा पत्रश्च विज्ञेयस्तस्या- नन्तरजश्च यः Mb.13.49.3. (
    -जा) a younger or elder sister; अनुष्ठितानन्तरजाविवाहः R.7.32.; so ˚जात.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > अनन्तर _anantara

  • 7 sub

    sŭb (on the form sus from subs v. infra, III.), prep. with acc. and abl. [perh. for es-ub, ens-ub, = ens (eis) and hupo; Sanscr. upa; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 290], under.
    I.
    With abl., to point out the object under which a thing is situated or takes place (Gr. hupo, with dat. or gen.), under, below, beneath, underneath.
    A.
    Of space:

    si essent, qui sub terrā semper habitavissent... nec tamen exissent umquam supra terram,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95; Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 72:

    sub aquā,

    id. Cas. 2, 6, 28:

    sub vestimentis,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 32; Liv. 1, 58; cf.: saepe est sub palliolo sordido sapientia, Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 56:

    ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 34:

    sub pellibus hiemare,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 5; cf. Liv. 23, 18, 15:

    manet sub Jove frigido Venator,

    Hor. C. 1, 1, 25:

    sub divo moreris,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 23:

    vitam sub divo agat,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 5 (v. divus, II.):

    sub terrā vivi demissi sunt,

    Liv. 22, 57:

    sub hoc jugo dictator Aequos misit,

    id. 3, 28, 11:

    pone (me) sub curru nimium propinqui Solis,

    Hor. C. 1, 22, 21 et saep.— Trop.:

    non parvum sub hoc verbo furtum latet,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 3, 12.—
    2.
    Transf., of lofty objects, at the foot of which, or in whose immediate neighborhood, any thing is situated, under, below, beneath, at the foot of, at, by, near, before:

    sub monte consedit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 48; so,

    sub monte considere,

    id. ib. 1, 21:

    sub colle constituere,

    id. ib. 7, 49:

    sub montis radicibus esse,

    id. ib. 7, 36 al.:

    sub ipsis Numantiae moenibus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

    est ager sub urbe,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 107; so,

    sub urbe,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 26; Varr. R. R. 1, 50, 2; Hor. C. 3, 19, 4:

    sub Veteribus,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 19:

    sub Novis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266 Orell. N. cr.; id. Ac. 2, 22, 70 Goer. N. cr.; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

    sub basilicā,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 11 et saep.— Trop.:

    sub oculis domini suam probare operam studebant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57 fin.:

    omnia sub oculis erant,

    Liv. 4, 28; cf. Vell. 2, 21, 3:

    classem sub ipso ore urbis incendit,

    Flor. 2, 15.—
    B.
    Of time, in, within, during, at, by:

    ne sub ipsā profectione milites oppidum irrumperent,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

    sub decessu suo,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 49:

    sub luce,

    Ov. M. 1, 494; Hor. A. P. 363; Liv. 25, 24:

    sub eodem tempore,

    Ov. F. 5, 491:

    sub somno,

    Cels. 3, 18 med. al.—
    C.
    In other relations, where existence under or in the immediate vicinity of any thing may be conceived.
    1.
    Under, in rank or order; hence, next to, immediately after: Euryalumque Helymus sequitur;

    quo deinde sub ipso Ecce volat calcemque terit jam calce Diores,

    Verg. A. 5, 322.—
    2.
    In gen., of subjection, domination, stipulation, influence, effect, reason, etc., under, beneath, with:

    omnes ordine sub signis ducam legiones meas,

    under my standards, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 71: sub armis vitam cernere, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 297 Vahl.); so,

    sub armis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 41; 1, 42:

    sub sarcinis,

    id. B. G. 2, 17; 3, 24:

    sub onere,

    id. B. C. 1, 66 et saep.—
    3.
    Trop., under, subject to, in the power of; during, in the time of, upon, etc.:

    sub Veneris regno vapulo, non sub Jovis,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 13:

    sub regno esse,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

    sub imperio alicujus esse,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 4:

    sub dicione atque imperio alicujus esse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Auct. B. Alex. 66, 6; Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Con. 4, 4; id. Eum. 7, 1; cf.:

    sub Corbulone Armenios pellere,

    Tac. H. 3, 24: sub manu alicujus esse, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2;

    sub rege,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 43; Hor. C. 3, 5, 9:

    sub Hannibale,

    Liv. 25, 40:

    sub dominā meretrice,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 25:

    sub nutrice,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 99:

    sub judice lis est,

    id. A. P. 78:

    praecipua sub Domitiano miseriarum pars erat,

    during the reign of, Tac. Agr. 45:

    scripsit sub Nerone novissimis annis,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5:

    gnarus sub Nerone temporum,

    Tac. Agr. 6; Suet. Tit. 8 et saep.:

    sub vulnere,

    from the effects of the wound, Ov. M. 5, 62; cf.:

    sub judice,

    under, id. ib. 13, 190:

    nullo sub indice,

    forced by no betrayer, id. ib. 13, 34.—So in certain phrases where the simple abl. is more freq.:

    sub pacto abolitionis dominationem deponere,

    Quint. 9, 2, 97:

    sub condicione,

    Liv. 6, 40, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    sub condicionibus,

    id. 21, 12, 4:

    sub eā condicione, ne cui fidem meam obstringam,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11:

    sub eā condicione, si esset, etc.,

    id. ib. 8, 18, 4; so,

    sub condicione, ut (ne, si, etc.),

    Suet. Tib. 44; 13; id. Caes. 68; id. Claud. 24; id. Vit. 6:

    sub specie (= specie, or per speciem): sub specie infidae pacis quieti,

    Liv. 9, 45, 5; 36, 7, 12; 44, 24, 4:

    sub tutelae specie,

    Curt. 10, 6, 21; Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 2; cf.:

    sub nomine pacis bellum latet,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 7, 17:

    sub alienis auspiciis rem gerere,

    Val. Max. 3, 2, 6:

    sub lege, ne,

    Suet. Aug. 21:

    sub exceptione, si,

    id. Caes. 78:

    sub poenā mortis,

    id. Calig. 48:

    servitutis,

    id. Tib. 36 et saep.:

    sub frigido sudore mori,

    Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin.
    II.
    With acc., to point out the object under which a thing comes, goes, extends, etc. (Gr. hupo, with acc.), under, below, beneath.
    A.
    Of space, usually with verbs of motion:

    et datores et factores omnes subdam sub solum,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 18:

    manum sub vestimenta deferre,

    id. Bacch. 3, 3, 78:

    cum tota se luna sub orbem solis subjecisset,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    exercitum sub jugum mittere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7; 1, 12; Sall. J. 38, 9 Dietsch ad loc.:

    sub furcam ire,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 66:

    sub divum rapere,

    id. C. 1, 18, 13:

    sub terras ire,

    Verg. A. 4, 654. — Trop.:

    sub judicium sapientis et delectum cadunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 18, 61:

    quae sub sensus subjecta sunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    quod sub aurium mensuram aliquam cadat,

    id. Or. 20, 67:

    columbae Ipsa sub ora viri venere,

    Verg. A. 6, 191:

    quod sub oculos venit,

    Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 6.—Rarely with verb of rest:

    quidquid sub Noton et Borean hominum sumus,

    Luc. 7, 364.—
    2.
    Transf. (cf. supra, I. A. 2.), of lofty objects, to the foot of which, or into whose immediate neighborhood, any thing comes, or near to which it extends, under, below, beneath, to, near to, close to, up to, towards, etc.:

    sub montem succedunt milites,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 45:

    sub ipsum murum fons aquae prorumpebat,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 41:

    missi sunt sub muros,

    Liv. 44, 45:

    Judaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem,

    Tac. H. 5, 11; 3, 21:

    aedes suas detulit sub Veliam,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54:

    arat finem sub utrumque colonus,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 35:

    jactatus amnis Ostia sub Tusci,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 33:

    (hostem) mediam ferit ense sub alvum,

    Ov. M. 12, 389:

    sub orientem secutus Armenios,

    Flor. 3, 5.—
    B.
    Of time, denoting a close approximation.
    1.
    Before, towards, about, shortly before, up to, until:

    Pompeius sub noctem naves solvit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 28; so,

    sub noctem,

    Verg. A. 1, 662; Hor. C. 1, 9, 19; id. S. 2, 1, 9; 2, 7, 109; id. Ep. 2, 2, 169:

    sub vesperum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33; id. B. C. 1, 42:

    sub lucem,

    id. B. G. 7, 83; Verg. G. 1, 445:

    sub lumina prima,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 33:

    sub tempus edendi,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 22:

    sub dies festos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

    sub galli cantum,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 10:

    usque sub extremum brumae intractabilis imbrem,

    Verg. G. 1, 211:

    simulacra Visa sub obscurum noctis,

    id. ib. 1, 478:

    prima vel autumni sub frigora,

    id. ib. 2, 321:

    quod (bellum) fuit sub recentem pacem,

    Liv. 21, 2, 1.—
    2.
    After, immediately after, just after, immediately upon:

    sub eas (litteras) statim recitatae sunt tuae,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4:

    sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt,

    Liv. 7, 31:

    sub adventum praetoris,

    id. 23, 15, 1; 23, 16, 3; 45, 10, 10:

    sub hanc vocem fremitus variantis multitudinis fuit,

    id. 35, 31:

    sub hoc erus inquit,

    hereupon, Hor. S. 2, 8, 43.—
    C.
    In other relations, in which a coming under any thing may be conceived:

    lepide hoc succedit sub manus negotium,

    comes to hand, convenient, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59:

    sub manus succedere,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 7; id. Pers. 4, 1, 2: sub manum submittere, at hand, convenient, Auct. B. Afr. 36, 1:

    sub ictum venire,

    Liv. 27, 18:

    sub manum annuntiari,

    Suet. Aug. 49 (al. sub manu; cf.

    supra, I. C.): sub legum et judiciorum potestatem cadere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

    sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,

    id. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):

    incolas sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere,

    Nep. Milt. 1:

    matrimonium vos sub legis superbissimae vincula conicitis,

    Liv. 4, 4:

    sub unum fortunae ictum totas vires regni cadere pati,

    Curt. 3, 8, 2.—
    III.
    In composition, the b remains unchanged before vowels and before b, d, j, l, n, s, t, v. Before m and r it is frequently, and before the remaining consonants, c, f, g, p, it is regularly assimilated. Yet here the MSS. vary, as in ob, ad, in, etc. Before some words commencing with c. p, t, it assumes the form sus, by the rejection of the b from a collateral form subs (analog. to abs); e. g. suscipio, suscito, suspendo, sustineo, sustuli, sustollo. Before s, with a following consonant, there remains merely su in the words suspicio, suspicor, suspiro; cf., however: substerno, substituo, substo, substruo al.; v. esp. Neue, Formenl. 2, 775 sqq.—
    B.
    In composition, sub denotes,
    1.
    Lit., a being situated or contained under, a putting or bringing under, or a going in under any thing: subaeratus, subcavus; subdo, subigo, subicio; subhaereo, subaperio; subedo.—
    2.
    Hence, also, a concealing or being concealed behind something; a secret action: subnoto, surripio, suffuror, subausculto, suborno. —
    3.
    Transf., a being placed or ranked under: subcenturio, subcurator, subcustos, etc.; or a being or doing any thing in a lower or inferior degree, a little, somewhat, rather, slightly: subabsurdus, subagrestis, subalbus, etc.; subaccusare, subirascor, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sub

  • 8 πούς

    πούς, , ποδός, ποδί, πόδα (not ποῦν, Thom.Mag.p.257 R.): dat.pl. ποσί, [dialect] Ep.and Lyr. ποσσί (also Cratin.100(lyr.)), πόδεσσι, once
    A

    πόδεσι S.Fr. 240

    (lyr.): gen.and dat. dual ποδοῖν, [dialect] Ep.

    ποδοῖιν Il.18.537

    :—[dialect] Dor. nom. [full] πός (cf. ἀρτίπος, πούλυπος, etc.) Lyr.Adesp.72, but [full] πούς Tab.Heracl.2.34 (perh. Hellenistic); [full] πῶς· πός, ὑπὸ Δωριέων, Hsch. (fort. [full] πός· πούς, ὑ.Δ.); [dialect] Lacon. [full] πόρ, Id. (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr.2.921, A.D. Adv.134.24):—foot, both of men and beasts, Il.7.212, 8.339 (both pl.), etc.; in pl., also, a bird's talons, Od.15.526; arms or feelers of a polypus, Hes.Op. 524: properly the foot from the ankle down wards, Il.17.386;

    ταρσὸς ποδός 11.377

    , 388; ξύλινος π., of an artificial foot, Hdt.9.37: but also of the leg with the foot, as χείρ for the arm and hand, Il.23.772, Od.4.149, Luc.Alex.59.
    2 foot as that with which one runs,

    πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς Il.1.215

    , al.; or walks,

    τῷ δ' ὑπὸ ποσσὶ μέγας πελεμίζετ' Ὄλυμπος 8.443

    ; freq. with reference to swiftness,

    περιγιγνόμεθ' ἄλλων πύξ τε.. ἠδὲ πόδεσσιν Od.8.103

    ; ποσὶν ἐρίζειν to race on foot, Il.13.325, cf. 23.792;

    πόδεσσι πάντας ἐνίκα 20.410

    , cf. Od.13.261;

    ἀέθλια ποσσὶν ἄροντο Il.9.124

    , etc.; ποδῶν τιμά, αἴγλα, ἀρετά, ὁρμά, Pi.O.12.15, 13.36, P.10.23, B.9.20;

    ἅμιλλαν ἐπόνει ποδοῖν E.IA 213

    (lyr.): the dat. ποσί ([etym.] ποσσί, πόδεσσι) is added to many Verbs denoting motion, π. βήσετο, παρέδραμον, Il.8.389, 23.636; π. θέειν, πηδᾶν, σκαίρειν, πλίσσεσθαι, ib. 622,21.269, 18.572, Od.6.318;

    ὀρχεῖσθαι Hes.Th.3

    ;

    ἔρχεσθαι Od.6.39

    ;

    πάρος ποσὶν οὖδας ἱκέσθαι 8.376

    ;

    νέρθε δὲ ποσσὶν ἤϊε μακρὰ βιβάς Il.7.212

    ; also emphatically with Verbs denoting to trample or tread upon,

    πόσσι καταστείβοισι Sapph.94

    ;

    ἐπεμβῆναι ποδί S.El. 456

    ; πόδα βαίνειν, v. βαίνω A.11.4; πόδα τιθέναι to journey, Ar.Th. 1100: metaph., νόστιμον ναῦς ἐκίνησεν πόδα started on its homeward way, E.Hec. 940 (lyr.); νεῶν λῦσαι ποθοῦσιν οἴκαδ'.. πόδα ib. 1020; χειρῶν ἔκβαλλον ὀρείους πόδας ναός, i. e. oars, Tim.Pers. 102; φωνὴ τῶν π. τοῦ ὑετοῦ sound of the pattering of rain, LXX 3 Ki. 18.41.
    3 as a point of measurement, ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς from head to foot, Il.18.353;

    ἐκ κεφαλῆς ἐς πόδας ἄκρους 16.640

    ; and reversely,

    ἐκ ποδῶν δ' ἄνω.. εἰς ἄκρον κάρα A.Fr. 169

    ;

    ἐκ τῶν ποδῶν ἐς τὴν κεφαλήν σοι Ar.Pl. 650

    ; also

    ἐκ τριχὸς ἄχρι ποδῶν AP5.193

    (Posidipp. or Asclep.); ἐς κορυφὰν ἐκ ποδός ib.7.388 ([place name] Bianor).
    4 πρόσθε ποδός or ποδῶν, προπάροιθε ποδῶν, just before one, Il.23.877,21.601, 13.205;

    τὸ πρὸ ποδὸς.. χρῆμα Pi.I.8(7).13

    ;

    αὐτὰ τὰ πρὸ τῶν ποδῶν ὁρᾶν X.Lac.3.4

    , cf.An.4.6.12, Pl.R. 432d.
    b παρά or πὰρ ποδός off-hand, at once,

    ἀνελέσθαι πὰρ ποδός Thgn.282

    ;

    γνόντα τὸ πὰρ ποδός Pi.P.3.60

    , cf.10.62;

    πὰρ ποδί

    close at hand,

    Id.O.1.74

    ; but παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θυμός sank to their feet, Il.15.280;

    παρὰ πόδα

    in a moment,

    S.Ph. 838

    (lyr.), Pl.Sph. 242a; close behind, Νέμεσις δέ γε πὰρ πόδας (leg. πόδα) βαίνει Prov. ap. Suid.; also

    παρὰ πόδας

    immediately afterwards

    Plb.1.35.3

    ,5.26.13, Gal.5.272;

    παρὰ π. οἱ ἔλεγχοι Luc.Hist. Conscr.13

    , cf. Aristid.2.115 J.;

    τὰ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ καὶ παρὰ πόδας

    at his very feet,

    Pl.Tht. 174a

    ; περὶ τῶν παρὰ πόδας καὶ τῶν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ib.c;

    τὸ πλησίον καὶ παρὰ π. Luc.Cal.1

    .
    c ἐν ποσί in one's way, close at hand,

    τὸν ἐν π. γινόμενον Hdt.3.79

    , cf. Pi.P.8.32;

    τἀν ποσὶν κακά S.Ant. 1327

    , cf. E.Andr. 397;

    τοὐν ποσὶν κακόν Id.Alc. 739

    ;

    τὴν ἐν ποσὶ [κώμην] αἱρεῖν Th.3.97

    ;

    τὰ ἐν ποσὶν ἀγνοεῖν

    everyday matters,

    Pl.Tht. 175b

    , cf.Arist.Pol. 1263a18, etc.
    d τὸ πρὸς ποσί, = τὸ ἐν ποσί, S.OT 130.
    e all these phrases are opp. ἐκ ποδῶν out of the way, far off, written

    ἐκποδών Hdt.6.35

    , etc.; also,

    βίαια πάντ' ἐκ ποδὸς ἐρύσαις Pi.N.7.67

    .
    5 to denote close pursuit, ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι follow in the track, i.e. close behind, Plb.3.68.1, cf. D.S.20.57, D.H.2.33, etc.;

    ἐκ ποδῶν διώξαντες Plu.Pel.11

    .
    b in earlier writers κατὰ πόδας on the heels of a person, Hdt.5.98, Th.3.98, 8.17, X.HG2.1.20, LXXGe.49.19 (also

    κατὰ πόδα ὑπολαβεῖν

    on the moment,

    Pl.Sph. 243d

    ); ἡ κατὰ πόδας ἡμέρα the very next day, Plb.1.12.1 (but κατὰ πόδας αἱρεῖν catch it running, X.Cyr.1.6.40, cf. Mem.2.6.9): c. gen. pers., κατὰ πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν, ἰέναι, march, come close at his heels, on his track, Hdt.9.89, Th.5.64; τῇ κατὰ π. ἡμέρᾳ τῆς ἐκκλησίας on the day immediately after it, Plb.3.45.5;

    κατὰ π. τῆς μάχης Aristid. 1.157J.

    , etc.
    6 various phrases:
    a

    ἀνὰ πόδα

    backwards,

    Hsch.

    b ἐπὶ πόδα backwards facing the enemy, ἐπὶ π. ἀναχωρεῖν, ἀνάγειν, ἀναχάζεσθαι, to retire without turning to fly, leisurely, X.An. 5.2.32, Cyr.3.3.69, 7.1.34, etc.; also

    ἐπὶ πόδας Luc.Pisc.12

    ; but γίνεται ἡ ἔξοδος οἷον ἐπὶ πόδας the offspring is as it were born feetforemost, Arist.GA 752b14.
    c περὶ πόδα, properly of a shoe, round the foot, i.e. fitting exactly,

    ὡς ἔστι μοι τὸ χρῆμα τοῦτο περὶ πόδα Pl.Com.197

    , cf. 129: c. dat.,

    ὁρᾷς ὡς ἐμμελὴς ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ περὶ πόδα τῇ ἱστορίᾳ Luc.Hist.Conscr.14

    , cf. Ind.10, Pseudol.23.
    d ὡς ποδῶνἔχει as he is off for feet, i. e. as quick as he can,

    ὡς ποδῶν εἶχον [τάχιστα] ἐβοήθεον Hdt.6.116

    ;

    ἐδίωκον ὡς ποδῶν ἕκαστος εἶχον Id.9.59

    ;

    φευκτέον ὡς ἔχει ποδῶν ἕκαστος Pl.Grg. 507d

    ; so,

    σοῦσθε.. ὅπως ποδῶν < ἔχετε> A.Supp. 837

    (lyr.).
    e ἔξω τινὸς πόδα ἔχειν keep one's foot out of a thing, i. e. be clear of it,

    ἔξω κομίζων πηλοῦ πόδα Id.Ch. 697

    ;

    πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχει Id.Pr. 265

    ;

    ἐκτὸς κλαυμάτων S.Ph. 1260

    ;

    ἔξω πραγμάτων E.Heracl. 109

    : without a gen., ἐκτὸς ἔχειν πόδα Pi.P.4.289: opp.

    εἰς ἄντλον ἐμβήσῃ πόδα E.Heracl. 168

    ;

    ἐν τούτῳ πεδίλῳ.. πόδ' ἔχων Pi.O.6.8

    .
    g τὴν ὑπὸ πόδα [κατάστασιν] just below them, Plb.2.68.9; ὑπὸ πόδας τίθεσθαι trample under foot, scorn, Plu.2.1097c; οἱ ὑπὸ πόδα those next below them (in rank), Onos.25.2; ὑπὸ πόδα χωρεῖν recede, decline, of strength, Ath. [voice] Med. ap.Orib. inc.21.16.
    h for ὀρθῷ ποδί, v. ὀρθός 11.1.
    k ἁλιεῖς ἀπὸ ποδός prob. fishermen who fish from the land, not from boats, BGU221.5 (i1/iii A. D.); ποτίσαι ἀπὸ ποδός perh. irrigate by the feet (of oxen turning the irrigation-wheel), PRyl.157.21 (ii A. D.); τόπον.. ἀπὸ ποδὸς ἐξηρτισμένον dub. sens. in POsl.55.11 (ii/iii A. D.).
    1

    ἀγγεῖον.. τρήματα ἐκ τῶν ὑπὸ ποδὸς ἔχον

    round the bottom,

    Dsc.2.72

    .
    7 πούς τινος, as periphr. for a person as coming, etc., σὺν πατρὸς μολὼν ποδί, i.e. σὺν πατρί, E.Hipp. 661;

    παρθένου δέχου πόδα Id.Or. 1217

    , cf. Hec. 977, HF 336;

    χρόνου πόδα Id.Ba. 889

    (lyr.), Ar.Ra. 100; also ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός, i.e. μόνος ὤν, S.Ph.91; οἱ δ' ἀφ' ἡσύχου π., i.e. οἱ ἡσύχως ζῶντες, E.Med. 217.
    II metaph., of things, foot, lowest part, esp. foot of a hill, Il.2.824, 20.59 (pl.), Pi.P.11.36, etc.; of a table, couch, etc., Ar.Fr. 530, X.Cyr.8.8.16, etc.; cf. πέζα; of the side strokes at the foot of the letter Ω, Callias ap.Ath.10.454a; = ποδεών 11.1,

    ἀσκοῦ.. λῦσαι π. E.Med. 679

    .
    2 in a ship, πόδες are the two lower corners of the sail, or the ropes fastened therelo, by which the sails are tightened or slackened, sheets (cf.

    ποδεών 11.4

    ), Od.5.260; χαλᾶν πόδα ease off the sheet, as is done when a squall is coming, E.Or. 707; τοῦ ποδὸς παρίει let go hold of it, Ar.Eq. 436;

    ἐκδοῦναι ὀλίγον τοῦ ποδός Luc.Cont.3

    ; ἐκπετάσουσι πόδα ναός (with reference to the sail), E.IT 1135 (lyr.): opp. τεῖναι πόδα haul it tight, S.Ant. 715; ναῦς ἐνταθεῖσα ποδί a ship with her sheet close hauled, E.Or. 706;

    κὰδ' δ'.. λαῖφος ἐρυσσάμενοι τανύοντο ἐς πόδας ἀμφοτέρους A.R.2.932

    ;

    ἱστία.. ἐτάνυσσαν ὑπ' ἀμφοτέροισι πόδεσσι Q.S.9.438

    .
    b perh. of the rudder or steering-paddle,

    αἰεὶ γὰρ πόδα νηὸς ἐνώμων Od.10.32

    (cf. Sch.ad loc.);

    πὰρ ποδὶ ναός Pi.N.6.55

    .
    III a foot, as a measure of length, = 4 palms ([etym.] παλασταί ) or 6 fingers, Hdt.2.149, Pl.Men. 82c, etc.
    IV foot in Prosody, Ar.Ra. 1323 (lyr.), Pl.R. 400a, Aristox. Harm.p.34 M., Heph.3.1, etc.; so of a metrical phrase or passage,

    ἔκμετρα καὶ ὑπὲρ τὸν π. Luc.Pr.Im.18

    ; of a long passage declaimed in one breath,

    κήρυκες ὅταν τὸν καλούμενον πόδα μέλλωσιν ἐρεῖν Gal.4.459

    , cf. Luc.Demon.65, Poll.4.91.
    V boundary stone, Is.Fr.27. (Cf. Lat. pes, Goth. fotus, etc. 'foot'; related to πέδον as noted by Arist. IA 706a33.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πούς

  • 9 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 10 ex

    ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:

    qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.
    I.
    In space.
    A.
    Prop.:

    interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:

    quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

    influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

    id. ib. 2, 19:

    visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;

    3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:

    nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,

    Tib. 1, 1, 38:

    clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—
    2.
    In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:

    ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,

    Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:

    picis e caelo demissum flumen,

    Lucr. 6, 257:

    equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

    cecidisse ex equo dicitur,

    Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:

    e curru trahitur,

    id. Rep. 2, 41:

    e curru desilit,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—
    3.
    In an upward direction, from, above:

    collis paululum ex planitie editus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:

    globum terrae eminentem e mari,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;

    and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,

    Liv. 6, 2.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:

    ex Aethiopia est usque haec,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:

    quod erat ex eodem municipio,

    Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:

    Philocrates ex Alide,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:

    ex Aethiopia ancillula,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:

    negotiator ex Africa,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

    Epicurei e Graecia,

    id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:

    Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

    ex India elephanti,

    Liv. 35, 32:

    civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:

    meretrix e proxumo,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

    puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:

    ex spelunca saxum,

    Cic. Fat. 3, 6:

    saxum ex capitolio,

    Liv. 35, 21, 6:

    ex equo cadere,

    Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—
    2.
    To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:

    a summo caelo despicere,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:

    de vertice montis despicere,

    id. M. 11, 503); cf.:

    T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

    ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

    ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:

    judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,

    Suet. Tib. 33:

    ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,

    Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:

    ex vinculis causam dicere,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.

    also: ex fuga,

    during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.
    II.
    In time.
    A.
    From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):

    Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,

    Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,

    ex consulatu,

    Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:

    ex praetura,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:

    ex dictatura,

    Liv. 10, 5 fin.:

    ex eo magistratu,

    Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:

    Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,

    Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:

    statim e somno lavantur,

    id. G. 22:

    tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:

    ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,

    Quint. 6, 2, 35:

    mulier ex partu si, etc.,

    Cels. 2, 8:

    ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:

    ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,

    Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:

    ex quo obses Romae fuit,

    since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:

    me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):

    aliam rem ex alia cogitare,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:

    alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,

    Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:

    diem ex die ducere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—
    2.
    With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;

    for the passage,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):

    vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,

    Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:

    Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,

    Capitol. Gord. 22:

    duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,

    id. ib.:

    mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,

    Amm. 14, 7, 9:

    Serenianus ex duce,

    id. 14, 7, 7:

    INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,

    Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—

    And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,

    i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—
    B.
    From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):

    bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:

    itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,

    Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:

    nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,

    id. Phil. 1, 1:

    ex aeterno tempore,

    id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

    ex hoc die,

    id. Rep. 1, 16:

    motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,

    from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:

    C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,

    Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:

    ex ea die ad hanc diem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:

    memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,

    id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:

    sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,

    id. H. 1, 29:

    sextus mensis est, ex quo,

    Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,

    ex eo,

    Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:

    ex illo,

    Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—
    C.
    Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:

    Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:

    hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,

    id. Verr. 1, 10:

    ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 9.
    III.
    In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.
    A.
    With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:

    solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,

    Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

    ex omni populo deligendi potestas,

    id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:

    agro ex hoste capto,

    Liv. 41, 14, 3:

    cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

    ex populo Romano bona accipere,

    Sall. J. 102:

    majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

    quaesierat ex me Scipio,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    ex te requirunt,

    id. ib. 2, 38:

    de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,

    id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:

    intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,

    id. Att. 6, 9, 3:

    ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,

    id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:

    ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,

    id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:

    vocare,

    Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—
    B.
    In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:

    qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:

    e vectoribus sorte ductus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34:

    ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,

    id. Rab. Post. 17:

    homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;

    v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 4:

    unus ex illis decemviris,

    id. ib. 2, 37:

    ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,

    id. Lael. 4, 15:

    aliquis ex vobis,

    id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;

    reliquum, argentum,

    this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:

    quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),

    id. Rep. 2, 36:

    virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,

    Flor. 1, 13, 12:

    alia ex hoc quaestu,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:

    fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,

    Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:

    qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 3:

    est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,

    id. Rep. 2, 40:

    Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,

    Tac. G. 29:

    acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

    ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,

    id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—
    2.
    Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):

    has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:

    album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,

    Cels. 4, 20:

    ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,

    Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —
    C.
    To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:

    fenestrae e viminibus factae,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:

    statua ex aere facta,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:

    ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,

    id. Div. 1, 24:

    substramen e palea,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

    pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:

    monilia e gemmis,

    Suet. Calig. 56:

    farina ex faba,

    Cels. 5, 28:

    potiones ex absinthio,

    id. ib. et saep.:

    Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,

    Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

    (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,

    id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:

    natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,

    id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—
    D.
    To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):

    resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:

    quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

    bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,

    Cels. 3, 23:

    aqua ex lauro decocta,

    id. 4, 2; cf.:

    farina tritici ex aceto cocta,

    Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:

    pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,

    Cels. 4, 4:

    nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),

    id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:

    bacae e viridi rubentes,

    Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:

    frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,

    id. ib. §

    132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,

    id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:

    e viridi pallens,

    id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:

    apes ex aureolo variae,

    Col. 9, 3, 2:

    sucus ex austero dulcis,

    Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:

    ex dulci acre,

    id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.

    trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,

    Cic. Clu. 26.—
    E.
    To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:

    cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33:

    ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,

    id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

    ex vulnere aeger,

    id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

    ex renibus laborare,

    id. Tusc. 2, 25:

    ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,

    Liv. 25, 26:

    ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,

    Quint. 8, 33, 66:

    gravida e Pamphilo est,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:

    credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?

    id. ib. 3, 2, 17:

    ex se nati,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 35:

    ex quodam conceptus,

    id. ib. 2, 21:

    ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,

    id. ib. 1, 44:

    ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,

    id. ib. et saep.:

    ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,

    Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:

    quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,

    id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

    in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,

    Sall. J. 48, 2:

    veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,

    id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:

    ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

    gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,

    Liv. 2, 50:

    ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,

    i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:

    qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

    hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,

    id. ib. 6, 10:

    quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:

    causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,

    id. Phil. 6, 1:

    ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,

    id. Lael. 13, 46:

    ex quo fit, ut, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 43:

    e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,

    id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:

    non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,

    Flor. 4, 10, 8:

    ex nausea vomitus,

    Cels. 4, 5:

    ex hac clade atrox ira,

    Liv. 2, 51, 6:

    metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,

    Tac. A. 11, 20:

    ex legato timor,

    id. Agr. 16 et saep.—
    2.
    In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:

    cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,

    Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:

    cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,

    id. 1, 7, 1:

    nomen ex vitio positum,

    Ov. F. 2, 601:

    quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:

    holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,

    id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:

    quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

    e nomine (nominibus),

    id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—
    F.
    To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:

    si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,

    Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:

    fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,

    Lucr. 1, 186:

    dii ex hominibus facti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

    ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,

    id. ib. 1, 45:

    nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,

    id. Part. 17; cf.:

    ex exsule consul,

    id. Manil. 4, 46:

    ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,

    Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:

    ex alto sapore excitati,

    Curt. 7, 11, 18.—
    G.
    Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:

    ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:

    aliquid facere bene et e re publica,

    for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:

    e (not ex) re publica,

    id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:

    exque re publica,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:

    non ex usu nostro est,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:

    ex utilitate,

    Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:

    ex nullius injuria,

    Liv. 45, 44, 11.—
    H.
    To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:

    (majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):

    ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,

    id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:

    ex senatus sententia,

    id. Fam. 12, 4:

    ex collegii sententia,

    Liv. 4, 53:

    ex amicorum sententia,

    id. 40, 29:

    ex consilii sententia,

    id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.

    also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,

    according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;

    and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:

    ex senatus consulto,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:

    ex edicto, ex decreto,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:

    ex lege,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

    ex foedere,

    Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:

    hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,

    ex more,

    Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:

    ex consuetudine,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:

    quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:

    ex sua libidine moderantur,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:

    ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:

    eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:

    leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:

    nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,

    id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:

    ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,

    Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:

    nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,

    id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:

    scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,

    Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;

    attingit etiam bellicam,

    Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—
    I.
    To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;

    ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.

    Ex placed after its noun: variis ex,

    Lucr.
    2, 791:

    terris ex,

    id. 6, 788:

    quibus e sumus uniter apti,

    id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:

    que sacra quercu,

    Verg. E. 7, 13.
    IV.
    In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—
    B.
    Signification.
    1.
    Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—
    2.
    Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ex

  • 11 gleich

    gleich [ʼglaiç] adj
    der/ die/das \gleiche wie.. the same... as you;
    zwei mal zwei [ist] \gleich vier two times two is [or equals] four;
    der/ die/das G\gleiche/die G\gleichen the same [one/ones];
    \gleiche Dreiecke congruent triangles;
    G\gleiches mit G\gleichem vergelten to pay like with like, to give tit for tat (sl)
    \gleiche Rechte/ Pflichten equal rights/responsibilities;
    in \gleicher [o auf die \gleiche] Weise in the same way;
    zur \gleichen Zeit at the same time;
    \gleich alt the same age;
    \gleich groß/ lang equal in [or the same] size/length;
    \gleich schwer equally heavy, the same weight;
    mit etw dat \gleich bedeutend sein to be synonymous with sth; ( so gut wie) to be tantamount to sth;
    \gleich bezahlt werden to be paid the same, to receive the same pay;
    \gleich gelagert comparable;
    \gleich gesinnt [o denkend] like-minded, of like minds;
    \gleich gestimmte Seelen kindred spirits [or souls];
    \gleich lautend identical;
    \gleich teuer equally expensive;
    ein Gleiches tun ( iron) ( geh) to do the same
    der/ die/das G\gleiche [...] wie the same [...] as;
    es ist immer das [ewig] G\gleiche it's always the same [old thing];
    [sich dat] \gleich bleiben to stay [or remain] the same [or unchanged];
    \gleich bleibend gut consistent[ly] good;
    aufs G\gleiche hinauslaufen [o hinauskommen] it comes [or boils] down [or amounts] to the same thing
    jdm \gleich sein to not care, to be all the same to sb;
    ganz \gleich wer/was [...] no matter who/what [...]
    WENDUNGEN:
    G\gleich und G\gleich gesellt sich gern ( sich gern) birds of a feather flock together ( prov)
    1) (sofort, bald) just, straightaway, in a minute;
    bis \gleich! see you then! [or later!]; ( sofort) see you in a minute! [or moment!];
    ich komme \gleich! I'm just coming!, I'll be right there!;
    habe ich es nicht \gleich gesagt! what did I tell you?;
    warum nicht \gleich so? why didn't you say/do that in the first place?;
    \gleich danach [o darauf] soon afterward[s];
    ( sofort) right away, straight [or right] afterward[s];
    \gleich jetzt [right] now;
    \gleich heute/ morgen [first thing] today/tomorrow;
    \gleich nach dem Frühstück right [or straight] after breakfast
    2) ( unmittelbar daneben/ danach) immediately, right;
    \gleich als [o nachdem] ... as soon as...;
    \gleich daneben right beside [or next to] it;
    \gleich danach just [or immediately] after it
    3) ( zugleich) at once [or the same time];
    sie kaufte sich \gleich zwei Paar she bought two pairs!
    1) in Aussagesätzen ( emph) just as well;
    du brauchst deswegen nicht \gleich zu weinen there's no need to start crying because of that
    2) in Fragesätzen ( noch) again;
    wie war doch \gleich Ihr Name? what was your name again?
    präp +dat (geh: wie) like

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > gleich

  • 12 next

    nekst
    1. adjective
    (nearest in place, time etc: When you have called at that house, go on to the next one; The next person to arrive late will be sent away; Who is next on the list?) próximo, siguiente

    2. adverb
    (immediately after in place or time: John arrived first and Jane came next.) luego, a continuación, después

    3. pronoun
    (the person or thing nearest in place, time etc: Finish one question before you begin to answer the next; One minute he was sitting beside me - the next he was lying on the ground.) el siguiente
    - biggest
    - oldest
    - next door
    - next to

    next1 adj
    1. próximo / siguiente / que viene
    2. contiguo / de al lado
    I'm in room 211 and my friend's in the next room yo estoy en la 211, y mi amigo está en la habitación de al lado
    next2 adv a continuación / luego
    what did you say next? ¿qué dijiste luego?
    what shall we do next? ¿qué hacemos ahora?
    next to al lado de / junto a
    tr[nekst]
    1 (following - in order) próximo,-a, siguiente; (- in time) próximo,-a, que viene
    not this stop, the next esta parada no, la siguiente
    what time is the next bus to Leeds? ¿a qué hora pasa el próximo autobús para Leeds?
    next Thursday «(Friday etc)» el próximo jueves (viernes etc), el jueves (viernes etc) que viene
    next week/month/year la semana/el mes/el año que viene
    2 (room, house, etc) de al lado
    1 luego, después, a continuación
    what did you say next? ¿qué dijiste luego?
    what do you want to de next? ¿qué quieres hacer ahora?
    1 al lado de
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    next to nothing casi nada
    next door al lado, la casa de al lado
    the next world el más allá nombre masculino, el otro mundo
    next ['nɛkst] adv
    1) afterward: después, luego
    what will you do next?: ¿qué harás después?
    2) now: después, ahora, entonces
    next I will sing a song: ahora voy a cantar una canción
    3) : la próxima vez
    when next we meet: la próxima vez que nos encontremos
    next adj
    1) adjacent: contiguo, de al lado
    2) coming: que viene, próximo
    next Friday: el viernes que viene
    3) following: siguiente
    the next year: el año siguiente
    adj.
    cerca adj.
    de al lado adj.
    entrante adj.
    inmediato, -a adj.
    próximo, -a adj.
    siguiente adj.
    venidero, -a adj.
    adv.
    después adv.
    la próxima vez adv.
    luego adv.

    I nekst

    I'll see you next month/Thursday — nos vemos el mes/el jueves que viene or el mes/el jueves próximo

    the matter will be/was discussed at the next meeting — el asunto se tratará en la próxima reunión/se trató en la reunión siguiente

    the week after next — la semana que viene no, la otra or la siguiente

    b) ( in position) siguiente

    take the next turning on the righttome la próxima or la siguiente a la derecha

    who's next? — ¿quién sigue?, ¿a quién le toca?

    next(, please)! — ( at doctor's) el siguiente, por favor

    excuse me, I was o I'm next — perdone, me toca a mí

    have you got the next size up/down? — ¿tiene una talla más grande/más pequeña?

    to be (the) next to + inf: you're the next to speak — luego te toca a ti hablar, tú eres el próximo orador


    II
    1)
    a) ( then) luego, después

    what did you do/say next? — ¿y luego or después qué hiciste/dijiste?

    b) ( now)

    what shall we do next? — ¿y ahora qué hacemos?

    what comes next? — ¿qué sigue (ahora)?

    when you see me next o when you next see me — la próxima vez que me veas

    2) ( second)

    Tom is the tallest in the class, Bob the next tallest — Tom es el más alto de la clase y (a Tom) le sigue Bob

    it's the next best thing to champagne — después del champán, es lo mejor que hay

    a) ( beside) al lado de
    b) ( compared with) al lado de
    c) ( second)
    d) (almost, virtually)
    [nekst]
    1. ADJ
    1) (of time) (in future) próximo; (in past) siguiente

    next month/year — (in future) el mes/año que viene, el mes/año próximo, el mes/año entrante (esp LAm)

    the next month/year — (in past) el mes/año siguiente

    (the) next day/morning — al día/a la mañana siguiente

    she'll have been gone six months next Fridayel viernes que viene or el viernes próximo hará seis meses que se marchó

    on 4 May nextfrm el 4 de mayo próximo

    the week after next — la semana que viene no or la semana próxima no, la siguiente

    he died ten years ago next week — la semana que viene or la semana próxima hará diez años que murió or se cumplen diez años de su muerte

    the next thing I knew he was gone — cuando me quise dar cuenta se había ido

    this time next week — la semana que viene a estas horas

    next timela próxima vez

    from one moment/day to the next — de un momento/día para otro

    moment
    2) (of order) próximo, siguiente

    who's next? — ¿a quién le toca ahora?, ¿quién sigue?

    I'm/you're next — me/te toca (a mí/ti)

    next please! — ¡el siguiente por favor!

    she was next or the next person to arrive — ella fue la próxima or siguiente en llegar

    I'm as much against violence as the next person, but... — estoy tan en contra de la violencia como cualquiera, pero...

    he's next after me — es el primero después de mí

    it's the next road but one — es la segunda calle después de esta

    the next lifela otra vida

    on the next pageen la siguiente página

    the next size up/down — (in clothes) una talla más grande/más pequeña; (in shoes) un número más grande/más pequeño

    3) (=adjacent)

    (the) next door but one — no la puerta de al lado, sino la siguiente

    the next housela casa de al lado

    I could hear them talking in the next roomles oía hablar en el cuarto de al lado

    she lives in the next street to me — vive en la calle contigua a la mía

    2. ADV
    1) (in past) después, luego

    what did he do next? — ¿qué hizo después or luego?

    what do we do next? — ¿y ahora qué hacemos?

    next we put the salt ina continuación or ahora añadimos la sal

    when you next see him, when next you see him — cuando lo vuelvas a ver, la próxima vez que lo veas

    whatever next! — ¡lo que faltaba!

    3) (of place, order)

    who's the next tallest boy? — ¿quién le sigue en altura?

    it's the next best thing to having your own swimming pool — si no puedes tener tu propia piscina, esto es lo mejor

    what comes next? — ¿qué viene ahora?, ¿qué sigue?

    4)

    next to —

    a) (=beside) al lado de
    b) (=after) después de

    next to Spain, what country do you like best? — ¿después de España, cuál es tu país preferido?

    c) (=compared to) al lado de

    next to her I felt totally inept — al lado de ella, me sentía totalmente inútil

    d) (=second)
    e) (=almost) casi

    it's next to impossiblees casi imposible

    I know next to nothing about computers — no sé casi nada de ordenadores, sé poquísimo de ordenadores

    3.
    CPD

    next of kin Nfamiliar(es) m(pl) más cercano(s), pariente(s) m(pl) más cercano(s)

    * * *

    I [nekst]

    I'll see you next month/Thursday — nos vemos el mes/el jueves que viene or el mes/el jueves próximo

    the matter will be/was discussed at the next meeting — el asunto se tratará en la próxima reunión/se trató en la reunión siguiente

    the week after next — la semana que viene no, la otra or la siguiente

    b) ( in position) siguiente

    take the next turning on the righttome la próxima or la siguiente a la derecha

    who's next? — ¿quién sigue?, ¿a quién le toca?

    next(, please)! — ( at doctor's) el siguiente, por favor

    excuse me, I was o I'm next — perdone, me toca a mí

    have you got the next size up/down? — ¿tiene una talla más grande/más pequeña?

    to be (the) next to + inf: you're the next to speak — luego te toca a ti hablar, tú eres el próximo orador


    II
    1)
    a) ( then) luego, después

    what did you do/say next? — ¿y luego or después qué hiciste/dijiste?

    b) ( now)

    what shall we do next? — ¿y ahora qué hacemos?

    what comes next? — ¿qué sigue (ahora)?

    when you see me next o when you next see me — la próxima vez que me veas

    2) ( second)

    Tom is the tallest in the class, Bob the next tallest — Tom es el más alto de la clase y (a Tom) le sigue Bob

    it's the next best thing to champagne — después del champán, es lo mejor que hay

    a) ( beside) al lado de
    b) ( compared with) al lado de
    c) ( second)
    d) (almost, virtually)

    English-spanish dictionary > next

  • 13 сейчас

    Русско-английский словарь Смирнитского > сейчас

  • 14 Lubetkin, Berthold

    [br]
    b. 12 December 1901 Tiflis, Georgia
    d. 23 October 1990 Bristol, England
    [br]
    Soviet émigré architect who, through the firm of Tecton, wins influential in introducing architecture of the modern international style into England.
    [br]
    Lubetkin studied in Moscow, where in the years immediately after 1917 he met Vesnin and Rodchenko and absorbed the contemporary Constructivist ideas. He then moved on to Paris and worked with Auguste Perret, coming in on the ground floor of the modern movement. He went to England in 1930 and two years later formed the Tecton group, leading six young architects who had newly graduated from the Architectural Association in London. Lubetkin's early commissions in England were for animals rather than humans. He designed the gorilla house (1932) at the Regent's Park Zoological Gardens, after which came his award-winning Penguin Pool there, a sculptural blend of curved planes in reinforced concrete. He also worked at Whipsnade and at Dudley Zoo. The name of Tecton had quickly became synonymous with modern methods of design and structure, particularly the use of reinforced concrete; such work was not common in the 1930s in Britain. In 1938–9 the firm was responsible for another pace-setting design, the Finsbury Health Centre in London. Tecton was disbanded during the Second World War, and although it was reformed in the late 1940s it did not recover its initiative in leading the field of modern work. Lubetkin lived on to be an old man but his post-war career did not fulfil his earlier promise and brilliance. He was appointed Architect-Planner of the Peterlee New Town in 1948, but he resigned after a few years and no other notable commissions materialized. In 1982 the Royal Institute of British Architects belatedly remembered him with the award of their Gold Medal.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    RIBA Gold Medal 1982.
    Further Reading
    John Allan, 1992, Architecture and the Tradition of Progress, RIBA publications. R.Furneaux Jordan, 1955, "Lubetkin", Architectural Review 36–44.
    P.Coe and M.Reading, 1981, Lubetkin and Tecton, University of Bristol Arts Council.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Lubetkin, Berthold

  • 15 zukünftig

    I Adj. future; Person: auch prospective, nachgestellt:...-to-be; JUR. expectant; zukünftiger Vater father-to-be; meine Zukünftige / mein Zukünftiger umg. my wife ( oder bride)-to-be / husband-to-be, beide auch my intended altm. oder hum.; die zukünftige Entwicklung future developments; die zukünftigen Ereignisse future events
    II Adv. in future (Am. the future)
    * * *
    future (Adj.); prospective (Adj.); would-be (Adj.); coming (Adj.)
    * * *
    zu|künf|tig
    1. adj
    future

    der zúkünftige Präsident/Bischof — the president/bishop elect or designate

    /mein Zukünftiger (inf) — my future wife/husband, my wife-to-be/husband-to-be, my intended (hum)

    2. adv
    in future, from now on
    * * *
    1) ((placed immediately after noun) chosen for office but not yet in it: the president elect.) elect
    2) ((of a tense of a verb) indicating an action which will take place at a later time.) future
    * * *
    zu·künf·tig
    [ˈtsu:kʏnftɪç]
    I. adj
    die \zukünftige Generation the future generation
    2. (designiert) prospective
    sein \zukünftiger Nachfolger his prospective successor
    II. adv in future
    * * *
    1.
    Adjektiv future
    2.
    Adverb in future
    * * *
    A. adj future; Person: auch prospective, nachgestellt: …-to-be; JUR expectant;
    zukünftiger Vater father-to-be;
    meine Zukünftige/mein Zukünftiger umg my wife ( oder bride)-to-be/husband-to-be, beide auch my intended obs oder hum;
    die zukünftige Entwicklung future developments;
    B. adv in future (US the future)
    * * *
    1.
    Adjektiv future
    2.
    Adverb in future
    * * *
    adj.
    future adj. adv.
    prospectively adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > zukünftig

  • 16 сейчас

    нареч.
    1) (теперь, не в прошлом) now, at present

    где он сейча́с живёт? — where is he living now?

    2) ( только что) just, just now

    я сейча́с ви́дел его́ — I saw him just now

    он то́лько сейча́с ушёл — he has just gone away, he has only just left

    3) ( немедленно) at once; ( сразу) right away

    сде́лай э́то сейча́с! — do it now!

    4) ( очень скоро) (very) soon

    он сейча́с придёт — he'll come here presently / soon

    я сейча́с верну́сь — I'll be right back

    (я) сейча́с! (иду)(I'm) coming!

    ••

    сейча́с же — 1) ( немедленно) at once; ( сразу же) right away 2) (в приказании, требовании) now!, right now!

    сейча́с же по́сле — right / immediately after

    сейча́с же уходи́те! — leave (right) now!

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > сейчас

  • 17 straight

    streit
    1. adjective
    1) (not bent or curved: a straight line; straight (= not curly) hair; That line is not straight.) recto, liso
    2) ((of a person, his behaviour etc) honest, frank and direct: Give me a straight answer!) honrado, de confianza, sincero, franco
    3) (properly or levelly positioned: Your tie isn't straight.) derecho, recto
    4) (correct and tidy: I'll never get this house straight!; Now let's get the facts straight!) en orden, arreglado
    5) ((of drinks) not mixed: a straight gin.) solo
    6) ((of a face, expression etc) not smiling or laughing: You should keep a straight face while you tell a joke.) serio
    7) ((of an actor) playing normal characters, or (of a play) of the ordinary type - not a musical or variety show.) serio, dramático

    2. adverb
    1) (in a straight, not curved, line; directly: His route went straight across the desert; She can't steer straight; Keep straight on.) recto, directamente
    2) (immediately, without any delay: He went straight home after the meeting.) directamente
    3) (honestly or fairly: You're not playing (= behaving) straight.) francamente, con franqueza

    3. noun
    (the straight part of something, eg of a racecourse: He's in the final straight.) recta
    - straightness
    - straightforward
    - straightforwardly
    - straightforwardness
    - straight talking
    - go straight
    - straight away
    - straighten out/up
    - a straight fight
    - straight off

    straight1 adj
    1. liso
    2. recto / derecho
    3. en orden
    straight2 adv
    1. recto / derecho
    2. directamente
    straight away enseguida / inmediatamente
    tr[streɪt]
    1 (not curved - gen) recto,-a; (- hair) liso,-a
    can you walk in a straight line? ¿puedes caminar en línea recta?
    2 (level, upright) derecho,-a, recto,-a
    backs straight! ¡espalda recta!
    is my tie straight? ¿tengo la corbata recta?
    3 (tidy, neat) en orden, arreglado,-a
    4 (honest - person) honrado,-a, de confianza; (sincere) sincero,-a, franco,-a
    5 (direct - question) directo,-a; (- refusal, rejection) categórico,-a, rotundo,-a
    he gave me a straight "no" for an answer su respuesta fue un "no" rotundo
    6 (correct, accurate) correcto,-a
    have you got your facts straight? ¿tienes la información correcta?
    7 (consecutive) seguido,-a
    8 (drink) solo,-a
    9 (play, actor, etc) serio,-a, dramático,-a
    10 (person - conventional) convencional; (- heterosexual) heterosexual; (non-drug user) que no toma droga
    2 (not in a curve) derecho,-a, recto,-a
    3 (directly) directamente
    4 (immediately) en seguida
    5 (frankly) francamente, con franqueza
    6 (clearly) claro, con claridad
    1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in race) recta
    2 (in cards) escalera
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    as straight as an arrow/die (line, direction) derecho,-a como una vela 2 (person) honrado,-a
    the straight and narrow el buen camino
    straight away en seguida
    straight off sin pensarlo, en el acto
    straight up en serio
    to keep a straight face contener la risa
    to play straight (with somebody) jugar limpio (con alguien)
    to put/set the record straight dejar las cosas claras, aclarar las cosas, poner las cosas en su lugar
    to put/set somebody straight (about something) explicar los hechos a alguien
    to vote a/the straight ticket SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL votar a candidatos del mismo partido para todos los cargos
    straight choice alternativa clara
    straight profit beneficio limpio
    straight swap cambio directo
    straight ['streɪt] adv
    1) : derecho, directamente
    go straight, then turn right: sigue derecho, luego gira a la derecha
    2) honestly: honestamente
    to go straight: enmendarse
    3) clearly: con claridad
    4) frankly: francamente, con franqueza
    1) : recto (dícese de las líneas, etc.), derecho (dícese de algo vertical), lacio (dícese del pelo)
    2) honest, just: honesto, justo
    3) neat, orderly: arreglado, ordenado
    adj.
    derecho, -a adj.
    directo, -a adj.
    engallado, -a adj.
    enhiesto, -a adj.
    erguido, -a adj.
    franco, -a adj.
    liso, -a adj.
    recto, -a adj.
    seguido, -a adj.
    serio, -a adj.
    adv.
    derechamente adv.
    derecho adv.
    directamente adv.
    recto adv.
    straight* (Sexuality)
    n.
    buga* s.m.

    I streɪt
    adjective -er, -est
    1)
    a) ( not curved or wavy) recto; < hair> lacio, liso
    b) (level, upright, vertical) (pred)

    to be straight — estar* derecho

    is my tie straight? — ¿tengo la corbata derecha or bien puesta?

    your tie isn't straightllevas or tienes la corbata torcida

    2) ( in order) (pred)

    is my hair straight? — ¿tengo bien el pelo?

    I have to get o put my room straight — tengo que ordenar mi cuarto

    if I pay for the coffees, we'll be straight — si pago los cafés quedamos or estamos en paz or (CS) a mano

    to get something straight: let's get this straight a ver si nos entendemos; you have to make sure you've got your facts straight tienes que asegurarte de que la información que tienes es correcta; to set the record straight dejar las cosas en claro; to put o set somebody straight about something — aclararle algo a alguien

    3)
    a) (direct, clear) <denial/refusal> rotundo, categórico

    it's a straight choice between buying a car or going on holiday — la alternativa es clara: o se compra un coche o se va de vacaciones

    I made $20,000 straight profit — saqué 20.000 dólares limpios de beneficio

    she got straight A's — ≈sacó sobresaliente en todo

    b) ( unmixed) <gin/vodka> solo
    4) (honest, frank) < question> directo; < answer> claro

    all I want is a straight yes or no — lo único que quiero es que me digas que sí o que no, sin más

    he won in straight sets — ( Sport) ganó sin conceder or sin perder ningún set

    this is the fifth straight day it's happened — (AmE) éste es el quinto día seguido que pasa

    6)
    a) ( serious) <play/actor> dramático, serio
    b) ( conventional) (colloq) convencional
    c) ( heterosexual) (colloq) heterosexual

    II
    1)
    a) ( in a straight line) < walk> en línea recta
    b) ( erect) <sit/stand> derecho
    2)
    a) ( directly) directamente

    I came straight home from workvine directamente or derecho a casa después del trabajo

    straight after dinner — inmediatamente después de cenar, en cuanto terminé de cenar

    she said straight off she wasn't paying — (colloq) dijo de entrada que ella no pagaba

    I'll come straight to the pointiré derecho or directamente al grano

    3) (colloq)
    a) ( frankly) con franqueza
    b) ( honestly)

    are you playing straight with me?¿estás jugando limpio conmigo?

    to go straight: he swore he'd go straight — prometió que se reformaría

    4) ( clearly) <see/think> con claridad
    5) ( Theat) < play> de manera clásica

    III
    [streɪt]
    1. ADJ
    (compar straighter) (superl straightest)
    1) (=not bent or curved) [line, road, nose, skirt] recto; [trousers] de perneras estrechas, de pata estrecha *; [hair] lacio, liso; [shoulders] erguido, recto

    I couldn't keep a straight face, I couldn't keep my face straight — no podía mantener la cara seria

    2) (=not askew) [picture, rug, hat, hem] derecho

    your tie isn't straight — tienes la corbata torcida, tu corbata no está bien

    to put or set straight — [+ picture, hat, tie, rug] poner derecho

    3) (=honest, direct) [answer] franco, directo; [question] directo; [refusal, denial] categórico, rotundo

    all I want is a straight answer to a straight question — lo único que pido es que respondas con franqueza a una pregunta directa

    it's time for some straight talkinges hora de hablar con franqueza or claramente

    to be straight with sb — ser franco con algn, hablar a algn con toda franqueza

    4) (=unambiguous) claro

    is that straight? — ¿está claro?

    to get sth straight, let's get that straight right from the start — vamos a dejar eso claro desde el principio

    have you got that straight? — ¿lo has entendido?, ¿está claro?

    to put or set sth straight — aclarar algo

    to put or set things or matters straight — aclarar las cosas

    to put or set the record straight — aclarar las cosas

    he soon put or set me straight — enseguida me aclaró las cosas

    5) (=tidy, in order) [house, room] arreglado, ordenado; [books, affairs, accounts] en orden

    to get or put sth straight — arreglar algo

    6) (=clear-cut, simple) [choice, swap] simple

    we made £50 straight profit on the deal — sacamos 50 libras limpias del negocio

    7) (=consecutive) [victories, defeats, games] consecutivo

    to get straight Assacar sobresaliente en todo

    a straight flush (in poker) una escalera real

    she lost in straight sets to Pat Hay — (in tennis) perdió contra Pat Hay sin ganar ningún set

    we had ten straight wins — ganamos diez veces seguidas, tuvimos diez victorias consecutivas

    8) (=neat) [whisky, vodka] solo
    9) (Theat) (=not comic) [part, play, theatre, actor] dramático, serio
    10) * (=conventional) [person] de cabeza cuadrada *

    she's a nice person, but very straight — es maja pero tiene la cabeza demasiado cuadrada *

    11) * (=not owed or owing money)

    if I give you a fiver, then we'll be straight — si te doy cinco libras, estamos en paz

    12) * (=heterosexual) heterosexual, hetero *
    13) * (=not criminal) [person]
    14) ** (=not using drugs)

    I've been straight for 13 years — hace 13 años que dejé las drogas, llevo 13 años desenganchado de las drogas

    2. ADV
    1) (=in a straight line) [walk, shoot, fly] en línea recta; [grow] recto

    stand up straight! — ¡ponte derecho or erguido!

    straight above us — directamente encima de nosotros

    it's straight across the road from us — está justo al otro lado de la calle

    to go straight ahead — ir todo recto, ir todo derecho

    to look straight ahead — mirar al frente, mirar hacia adelante

    to look straight at sb — mirar derecho hacia algn

    to hold o.s. straight — mantenerse derecho

    to look sb straight in the eye — mirar directamente a los ojos de algn

    to go straight on — ir todo recto, ir todo derecho

    the bullet went straight through his chest — la bala le atravesó limpiamente el pecho

    I saw a car coming straight towards me — vi un coche que venía derecho hacia mi

    to look straight upmirar hacia arriba

    2) (=level)

    to hang straight — [picture] estar derecho

    3) (=directly) directamente; (=immediately) inmediatamente

    I went straight home/to bed — fui derecho a casa/a la cama

    straight after this — inmediatamente después de esto

    straight away — inmediatamente, en seguida, al tiro (Chile)

    straight off(=without hesitation) sin vacilar; (=immediately) inmediatamente; (=directly) directamente, sin rodeos

    4) (=frankly) francamente, con franqueza

    just give it to me or tell me straight — dímelo francamente or con franqueza

    to tell sb sth straight outdecir algo a algn sin rodeos or directamente

    straight up(Brit) * en serio

    straight from the shoulder —

    5) (=neat) [drink] solo
    6) (=clearly) [think] con claridad
    7) *

    to go straight — (=reform) [criminal] enmendarse; [drug addict] dejar de tomar drogas, desengancharse

    he's been going straight for a year now[ex-criminal] hace ahora un año que lleva una vida honrada; [ex-addict] hace un año que dejó las drogas, lleva un año desenganchado de las drogas

    8) (Theat)
    9) (=consecutively)
    3. N
    1) (=straight line)

    to cut sth on the straight — cortar algo derecho

    2) (Brit) (on racecourse)

    the straight — la recta

    3) (Cards) runfla f, escalera f
    4) * (=heterosexual) heterosexual mf
    4.
    CPD

    straight angle Nángulo m llano

    straight arrow * N(US) estrecho(-a) m / f de miras

    straight man Nactor m que da pie al cómico

    straight razor N(US) navaja f de barbero

    straight sex N(=not homosexual) sexo m entre heterosexuales; (=conventional) relaciones fpl sexuales convencionales, sexo m sin florituras *

    straight ticket N (US) (Pol) —

    * * *

    I [streɪt]
    adjective -er, -est
    1)
    a) ( not curved or wavy) recto; < hair> lacio, liso
    b) (level, upright, vertical) (pred)

    to be straight — estar* derecho

    is my tie straight? — ¿tengo la corbata derecha or bien puesta?

    your tie isn't straightllevas or tienes la corbata torcida

    2) ( in order) (pred)

    is my hair straight? — ¿tengo bien el pelo?

    I have to get o put my room straight — tengo que ordenar mi cuarto

    if I pay for the coffees, we'll be straight — si pago los cafés quedamos or estamos en paz or (CS) a mano

    to get something straight: let's get this straight a ver si nos entendemos; you have to make sure you've got your facts straight tienes que asegurarte de que la información que tienes es correcta; to set the record straight dejar las cosas en claro; to put o set somebody straight about something — aclararle algo a alguien

    3)
    a) (direct, clear) <denial/refusal> rotundo, categórico

    it's a straight choice between buying a car or going on holiday — la alternativa es clara: o se compra un coche o se va de vacaciones

    I made $20,000 straight profit — saqué 20.000 dólares limpios de beneficio

    she got straight A's — ≈sacó sobresaliente en todo

    b) ( unmixed) <gin/vodka> solo
    4) (honest, frank) < question> directo; < answer> claro

    all I want is a straight yes or no — lo único que quiero es que me digas que sí o que no, sin más

    he won in straight sets — ( Sport) ganó sin conceder or sin perder ningún set

    this is the fifth straight day it's happened — (AmE) éste es el quinto día seguido que pasa

    6)
    a) ( serious) <play/actor> dramático, serio
    b) ( conventional) (colloq) convencional
    c) ( heterosexual) (colloq) heterosexual

    II
    1)
    a) ( in a straight line) < walk> en línea recta
    b) ( erect) <sit/stand> derecho
    2)
    a) ( directly) directamente

    I came straight home from workvine directamente or derecho a casa después del trabajo

    straight after dinner — inmediatamente después de cenar, en cuanto terminé de cenar

    she said straight off she wasn't paying — (colloq) dijo de entrada que ella no pagaba

    I'll come straight to the pointiré derecho or directamente al grano

    3) (colloq)
    a) ( frankly) con franqueza
    b) ( honestly)

    are you playing straight with me?¿estás jugando limpio conmigo?

    to go straight: he swore he'd go straight — prometió que se reformaría

    4) ( clearly) <see/think> con claridad
    5) ( Theat) < play> de manera clásica

    III

    English-spanish dictionary > straight

  • 18 kommen

    v/i; kommt, kam, ist gekommen
    1. come; (ankommen) auch arrive; (gelangen) get ( bis to); durch eine Stadt / Gegend kommen pass through a town / area; nach Hause kommen come ( oder get) home; wie komme ich zum Bahnhof / nach Linz? how do I get to the (Am. train) station / to Linz?; ich komme gerade von der Arbeit I’ve just got back from work; komm schon! come on!, hurry up!; ich komme schon! I’m coming; na, komm schon! umg. come on (, now)!; er wird bald kommen he’ll be here ( oder with you) soon, he won’t be long; da kommt jemand there’s somebody coming; es ist Post für dich gekommen there’s some post (Am. mail) for you; spät kommen come ( oder be) late; zu spät kommen be late; und etwas versäumen: be too late; jetzt komme ich an die Reihe now it’s my turn; zuerst oder als Erster / zuletzt oder als Letzter kommen come first / last; wer zuerst kommt, mahlt zuerst Sprichw. first come, first served; wer zu spät kommt, den bestraft das Leben etwa: he who lags behind, loses; angelaufen etc. kommen come running etc. along ( oder up); der soll mir nur kommen!, er soll nur kommen! drohend: (just) let him come; jemanden kommen lassen send for s.o.; etw. kommen lassen (bestellen) send for ( oder order) s.th.; wie weit bist du gekommen? how far did you get?; es kam mir ( der Gedanke), dass... it occurred to me that...; es kommt mir oder mir kommt eine Idee I’ve got an idea, I know what we can do; mir kommen die Tränen tears come to my eyes, my eyes fill with tears; iro. don’t make me weep; das wird teuer kommen / dich teuer kommen umg. it’ll come expensive / it’ll cost you; ihr Aufschlag kommt gut Tennis: her serve is coming on well; siehe auch Reihe, spät II etc.
    2. (herannahen) be coming; es kommt ein Gewitter there’s a storm coming (up); der Morgen kommt it’s nearly morning, it’s starting to get light; die Flut kommt the tide is coming in; da vorn kommt gleich eine Kreuzung there’s a junction (Am. intersection) coming up, we’re just coming to a junction (Am. intersection)
    3. (geschehen) auch happen; etw. kommen sehen (voraussehen) see s.th. coming; das kommt mir gelegen / ungelegen it’s a good / bad time ( oder the right / wrong moment) for me; wie kommt das? how does that come about?, how is that possible?; wie oder woher kommt es, dass how is it that, how come umg.; das kommt daher, dass it’s because; das durfte jetzt nicht kommen it shouldn’t happen (now), it shouldn’t be possible; umg. (das hättest du nicht sagen sollen) you shouldn’t have said that; was auch ( immer) kommen mag... whatever happens,...; komme, was da wolle come what may; es wird noch ganz anders kommen there’s worse to come (yet); das musste ja so kommen it had to ( oder was bound to) happen; es kam, wie es kommen musste the inevitable happened; es ist so weit gekommen, dass things have got to the stage where; es wird noch so weit kommen, dass er rausgeschmissen wird he’ll be thrown out one of these days
    4. umg. wenn Sie mir so kommen if you talk to me like that; komm mir ja nicht so frech! don’t be so cheeky, Am. don’t be such a smart aleck, I don’t want any of your cheek; komm mir nur nicht mit diesen Ausreden spare me your excuses; damit kannst du mir nicht kommen you don’t expect me to believe that, do you?; komm mir nicht dauernd mit der Geschichte I wish you wouldn’t keep going on ( oder I wish you’d stop pestering me) about that business; er kommt einfach mit diesen Ideen he just trots out these ideas
    5. umg. (einen Orgasmus haben) come; ich komme I’m coming; es kommt ihr she’s coming
    6. umg. (sich entwickeln) develop; wie kommt dein neues Projekt? how is your new project coming on?
    7. kommen an (+ Akk)
    a) (gelangen zu) come ( oder get) to, arrive at; (jemandem zukommen) go ( oder fall) to; an jemandes Stelle kommen take s.o.’s place;
    b) (sich verschaffen, bekommen) get hold of; wie bist du an die Daten gekommen? how did you come by these data?
    8. kommen auf (+ Akk) (herausfinden) think of, hit upon; (sich erinnern an) think of, remember; auf eine Summe kommen come to ( oder total) an amount; auf die Rechnung kommen go ( oder be put) on the bill (Am. auch tab); das kommt (steht) auf Seite 12 that comes ( oder is) on page 12; auf etw. zu sprechen kommen get onto the subject of s.th.; wie kommst du darauf? what makes you say that?, what gives you that idea?; darauf wäre ich nie gekommen it would never have occurred to me; ich komme nicht darauf! I just can’t think of it; darauf komme ich gleich I’ll be coming to that; auf 100 Einwohner kommt ein Arzt there’s a ( oder one) doctor for every 100 inhabitants; ich lasse nichts auf ihn kommen I won’t have anything said against him
    9. hinter etw. (+ Akk) kommen find s.th. out
    10. das Buch kommt ins oberste Regal / ins Arbeitszimmer the book goes on the top shelf / belongs in the study; in Gefahr / Not / Verlegenheit kommen get into danger / difficulties Pl. / an embarrassing situation; ins Rutschen kommen get into a slide ( oder skid)
    11. über einen Zaun etc. kommen get over a fence etc.; über jemanden kommen Gefühl etc.: come over s.o.; Fluch: come upon s.o.
    12. um etw. kommen lose s.th.; durch fremdes Mitwirken: be done out of s.th.; ums Leben kommen lose one’s life, die, (getötet werden) auch be killed
    13. kommen unter (+ Akk) eine Überschrift etc.: go under; ein Auto etc.: be run over by
    14. kommen von Ergebnis: be a result of ( oder due to); das kommt davon! see what happens?, what did I tell you?; das kommt davon, wenn du so viel trinkst that’s what happens when you drink so much
    15. kommen vor (+ Akk) come ( oder go) before; vors Gericht kommen Sache: come up before the court
    16. zu etw. kommen come ( oder get) to s.th.; (bekommen) come by s.th., get hold of s.th.; zu Geld kommen (erben) come into money; zur Ansicht kommen, dass... come to the conclusion that..., decide that...; zur Sprache kommen come up (for discussion); ( wieder) zu sich kommen come to ( oder [a]round), regain consciousness; wie kamst du bloß dazu(, das zu tun)? what on earth made you do that?; es kam zum Streit a quarrel developed; es kam zu Kämpfen zwischen... fighting broke out between...; zum Stehen kommen come to a standstill; ich komme einfach nicht zum Lesen I just don’t get ( oder find) the time to read anything; ich komme aber erst morgen dazu I won’t get (a)round to it ( oder manage it) before tomorrow; wie kommen Sie dazu? how dare you?; siehe auch Kraft 1, Sache etc.
    * * *
    to arrive; to emerge; to come
    * * *
    Kọm|men
    nt -s, no pl
    coming

    ein einziges Kommen und Gehen — a constant coming and going

    jd ist im Kommensb is on his/her way up

    * * *
    das
    1) (coming or arrival: the advent of space travel.) advent
    2) (to (manage to) move, go, take, put etc: He couldn't get across the river; I got the book down from the shelf.) get
    3) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) come
    4) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) come
    * * *
    kom·men
    [ˈkɔmən]
    1.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (eintreffen) to come, to arrive
    ich bin gerade ge\kommen I just arrived [or got here]
    ich komme schon! I'm coming!
    sie \kommen morgen aus Berlin they're arriving [or coming] from Berlin tomorrow
    der Zug kommt aus Paris the train is coming from Paris
    da kommt Anne/der Bus there's Anne/the bus
    der Bus müsste jeden Augenblick \kommen the bus is due any minute
    ich komme um vier und hole Sie ab I'll come and fetch you at four
    der Wind kommt von Osten/von der See the wind is blowing [or coming] from the East/off the sea
    sie kam in Begleitung ihres Mannes she was accompanied by her husband
    ich bin ge\kommen, um zu helfen I've come [or I'm here] to help
    du kommst wie gerufen! you've come just at the right moment!
    wann soll das Baby \kommen? when's the baby due?
    das Baby kam am 1. Mai the baby arrived [or was born] on the 1 May
    zurzeit \kommen laufend Anfragen zur neuen Software we keep receiving queries about the new software at the moment
    seine Antwort kam zögernd his answer was hesitant, he answered hesitantly
    jede Hilfe kam zu spät help came [or arrived] too late
    angefahren/angeflogen/angerannt \kommen to arrive by car/by plane/at a run
    sie kamen gestern aus Rom angefahren/angeflogen they drove up/flew in from Rome yesterday
    angereist \kommen to arrive
    mit dem Auto/Fahrrad \kommen to come by car/bike, to drive/cycle
    als Erster/Letzter \kommen to be the first/last to arrive, to arrive first/last
    früh/pünktlich/rechtzeitig/spät \kommen to arrive early/on time [or punctually]/in time/late
    zu Fuß \kommen to come on foot, to walk
    2.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (gelangen)
    irgendwohin \kommen to get [or reach] somewhere
    kommt man hier zum Bahnhof? is this the way to the station?
    wie komme ich von hier zum Bahnhof? how do I get to the station from here?
    zu Fuß kommt man am schnellsten dahin the quickest way [to get] there is to walk
    sie kommt kaum noch aus dem Haus she hardly gets out of the house these days
    nach Hause \kommen to come [or get] home
    unter's Messer \kommen (hum) to have an operation
    [sicher] ans Ufer \kommen to [safely] reach the bank
    ans Ziel \kommen to reach the finishing [or AM finish] line
    3.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich begeben) to come
    kommst du mit uns ins Kino? are you coming to the cinema with us?
    meine Kollegin kommt sofort zu Ihnen my colleague will be with you [or be along] immediately
    nach draußen/oben/unten \kommen to come outside/upstairs/downstairs
    nach London/England \kommen to come to London/England
    4.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (passieren)
    durch etw akk/über etw akk/einen Ort \kommen to pass [or come] through sth/a place
    5.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (teilnehmen)
    zu etw dat \kommen Kongress, Party, Training to come to [or form attend] sth
    6.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (besuchen)
    zu jdm \kommen to visit sb, to come and see [or visit] sb
    ich komme gern[e] einmal zu Ihnen I'd be delighted to visit you sometime
    komm doch mal, ich würde mich sehr freuen! [come and] stop by sometime, I'd love to see you!
    7.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (herstammen)
    irgendwoher \kommen to come [or be] [or hail] from somewhere
    sie kommt aus New York/Australien she's [or she comes] [or she hails] from New York/Australia, she's a New Yorker/an Australian
    8.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (folgen, an der Reihe sein) to come
    wer kommt [jetzt]? whose turn [or go] is it?
    nach etw dat \kommen to come after [or follow] sth
    die Schule kommt kurz nach der Kreuzung the school is just after the crossroads
    nach/vor jdm \kommen to come after/before sb
    an die Reihe \kommen to be sb's turn [or go]
    ich komme zuerst [an die Reihe] I'm first, it's my turn [or go] first
    noch \kommen to be still [or yet] to come
    da wird noch mehr Ärger \kommen there'll be more trouble yet
    das Schlimmste kommt noch the worst is yet to come
    zuerst [o als Erster] /als Nächster/zuletzt [o als Letzter] \kommen to come first/next/last
    9.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (untergebracht werden)
    ins Gefängnis/Krankenhaus \kommen to go to prison/into hospital
    vor Gericht \kommen Fall to come to court; Mensch to come [or appear] before the court
    in die Schule/Lehre \kommen to start school/an apprenticeship
    10.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (erlangen)
    zu etw dat \kommen to achieve sth
    wie komme ich zu dieser Ehre? (iron, hum) to what do I owe this honour?
    zu der Erkenntnis \kommen, dass... to realize [or come to the realization] that...
    zu Geld \kommen to come into money
    zu Kräften \kommen to gain strength
    zu Ruhm \kommen to achieve [or win] fame
    [wieder] zu sich dat selbst \kommen to get out of one's head, to come back to [or find] oneself again
    zu sich dat \kommen to come to, to regain consciousness
    an jdn/etw \kommen to get hold of sb/sth
    wie bist du an das viele Geld ge\kommen? how did you get hold of [or come by] all that money?; s.a. Besinnung, Ruhe
    11.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (verlieren)
    um etw akk \kommen to lose sth
    ums Leben \kommen to lose one's life, to be killed, to die
    12.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (erreichen) to reach
    auf den 2. Platz \kommen to reach 2nd place, to come [in] 2nd
    13.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (gebracht werden) to come
    kam Post für mich? was there any post for me?
    14.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (veranlassen, dass jd kommt)
    den Arzt/den Klempner/ein Taxi \kommen lassen to send for [or call] the doctor/the plumber/a taxi
    15.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (hingehören) to go, to belong
    die Tasse kommt dahin the cup belongs there
    16.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (herannahen) to approach; (eintreten, geschehen) to come about, to happen
    heute kommt noch ein Gewitter there'll be a thunderstorm today
    der Winter kommt mit Riesenschritten winter is fast approaching
    der Termin kommt etwas ungelegen the meeting comes at a somewhat inconvenient time
    das habe ich schon lange \kommen sehen! I saw that coming a long time ago
    das kam doch anders als erwartet it/that turned out [or happened] differently than expected
    es kam eins zum anderen one thing led to another
    und so kam es, dass... and that's why/how..., and that's how it came about [or happened] that...
    wie kommt es, dass...? how is it that...?, how come...?
    es musste ja so \kommen it/that was bound to happen
    es hätte viel schlimmer \kommen können it could have been much worse
    zu etw dat \kommen to happen
    zum Prozess \kommen to come to trial
    es zu etw dat \kommen lassen zum Streit to let it come to sth
    so weit \kommen, dass... to get to the stage [or point] where...
    so weit kommt es noch! (iron fam) that'll be the day! fam
    komme, was da wolle come what may
    was auch immer \kommen mag whatever happens
    wie's kommt so kommt's whatever will be, will be
    [wieder] im K\kommen sein to be[come] fashionable again
    17.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (in Erscheinung treten) Pflanzen to come on [or along]
    die ersten Tomaten \kommen schon the first tomatoes are appearing
    18.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (jdn erfassen)
    über jdn \kommen Gefühl to come over sb
    eine gewaltige Traurigkeit kam über mich I was overcome by a tremendous sadness
    es kam einfach so über mich it just came over me
    19.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich bei jdm zeigen)
    jdm \kommen die Tränen sb is overcome by tears, sb starts to cry
    jdm \kommen Zweifel, ob... sb is beset [or overcome] by doubts [or sb doubts] whether...
    20.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (in einen Zustand geraten)
    in etw akk \kommen to get into sth
    wir kamen plötzlich ins Schleudern we suddenly started to skid
    in Fahrt [o Schwung] \kommen to get going
    in Gefahr/Not \kommen to get into danger/difficulty
    in Sicherheit \kommen to get to safety
    in Verlegenheit \kommen to get [or become] embarrassed; s.a. Stillstand
    21.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich verhalten) to be
    so lasse ich mir nicht \kommen! I won't have [or stand for] that!
    so kommst du mir nicht! don't you take that line with me!
    jdm frech \kommen to be cheeky to sb
    22.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (fam: jdn belästigen)
    jdm mit etw dat \kommen to start telling sb about sth
    komm mir nicht schon wieder damit! don't give me [or start] that again!
    da kann [o könnte] ja jeder \kommen (fam) anyone could say that
    der soll nur \kommen! (fam) just let him try!
    23.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (seinen Grund haben) to come from
    daher kommt es, dass... that's why...
    das kommt davon! (fam) it's your own fault!
    das kommt davon, dass/weil... that's because...
    das kommt davon, wenn... that's what happens when...
    wie kommt es, dass... how come..., how is it that [that]...
    24.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich an etw erinnern)
    auf etw akk \kommen to remember sth, to recall sth
    ich komme beim besten Willen nicht darauf I just can't seem to remember [or recall] it
    25.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (einfallen)
    jdm \kommen to think of, to occur
    jdm kommt der Gedanke, dass... it occurs to sb that...
    na, das kommt dir aber früh! (iron) why didn't that occur to you sooner?
    26.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich verschaffen)
    an etw akk \kommen to get hold of sth
    wie bist du an das Geld ge\kommen? where did you get the money?
    27.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (etw herausfinden)
    hinter etw akk \kommen Pläne to find out sth sep, to get to the bottom of sth
    hinter ein Geheimnis \kommen to uncover [or sep find out] a secret
    wie kommst du darauf? what gives you that idea?, what makes you think that?; s.a. Schlich, Spur
    28.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein FILM, RADIO, TV (gesendet werden) to be on
    was kommt heute im Fernsehen? what's on [television] tonight?
    als Nächstes \kommen die Nachrichten the news is [on] next
    29.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (Zeit für etw finden)
    zu etw dat \kommen to get around to doing sth
    ich komme zu nichts mehr! I don't have time for anything else!
    30.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (entfallen)
    auf jdn/etw \kommen to be allotted to sb/sth
    auf jeden Studenten kamen drei Studentinnen for every male student there were three female students, the ratio of female to male students was 3:1
    31.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (ähnlich sein)
    nach jdm \kommen to take after sb
    32.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (fam: kosten) to cost
    die Reparatur kam sehr teuer the repairs cost a lot [of money]
    auf etw akk \kommen to come to sth
    33.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (überfahren werden)
    unter ein Auto/einen Lastwagen \kommen to be knocked down by a car/lorry [or AM truck]
    unter die Räder \kommen to get knocked [or run] down [or run over
    34.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (ansprechen)
    auf einen Punkt/eine Angelegenheit \kommen to broach [or get onto] a point/matter
    auf etw akk zu sprechen \kommen to get [a]round to [talking about] sth
    jetzt, wo wir auf das Thema Gehaltserhöhung zu sprechen \kommen,... now that we're on [or we've got round to] the subject of pay rises...
    ich werde gleich darauf \kommen I'll come [or get] to that in a moment
    35.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (reichen)
    an etw akk \kommen to reach sth
    36.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sl: Orgasmus haben) to come fam
    37.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (fam: eine Aufforderung verstärkend)
    komm, sei nicht so enttäuscht come on, don't be so disappointed
    komm, lass uns gehen! come on [or hurry up], let's go!
    komm, komm, werd nicht frech! now now, don't get cheeky!
    ach komm! (fam) come on!
    38.
    erstens kommt es anders und zweitens als man denkt (prov) things never turn out the way you expect
    komm ich heut nicht, komm ich morgen (prov) you'll see me when you see me
    zu kurz \kommen to come off badly, to get a raw deal
    auf jdn/etw nichts \kommen lassen (fam) to not hear a [bad] word said against sb
    wer zuerst kommt, mahlt zuerst (prov) first come, first served; s.a. achtzig, halten, nahe, Zeit
    1.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich einfinden)
    es kommt jd sb is coming
    es kommt jetzt der berühmte Magier Obrikanus! and now the famous magician, Obrikanus!
    es scheint keiner mehr zu \kommen nobody else seems to be coming
    2.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (beginnen)
    es kommt etw sth is coming
    es kommt auch mal wieder schöneres Wetter the weather will turn nice again
    3.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sl: Orgasmus haben)
    es kommt jdm (veraltet) sb comes
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (fam: kosten)
    jdn etw \kommen to cost sb sth
    die Reparatur kam mich sehr teuer I paid a lot [of money] for the repairs, the repairs cost a lot [of money]
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein
    1) come; (eintreffen) come; arrive

    angelaufen/angebraust usw. kommen — come running/roaring etc. along; (auf jemanden zu) come running/roaring etc. up

    angekrochen kommen(fig.) come crawling up

    durch eine Gegend kommenpass through a region

    nach Hause kommencome or get home

    zu jemandem kommen(jemanden besuchen) come and see somebody

    ist für mich keine Post gekommen? — is/was there no post for me?

    etwas kommen lassen(etwas bestellen) order something

    jemanden kommen lassensend for or call somebody

    da könnte ja jeder kommen!(ugs.) who do you think you are?/who does he think he is? etc.

    komm mir bloß nicht damit!(ugs.) don't give me that!

    [bitte] kommen! — (im Funkverkehr) come in[, please]

    2) (gelangen) get

    ans Ufer/Ziel kommen — reach the bank/finishing-line

    wie komme ich nach Paris? — how do I get to Paris?; (fig.)

    auf etwas (Akk.) zu sprechen kommen — turn to the discussion of something

    jemandem auf die Spur/Schliche kommen — get on somebody's trail/get wise to somebody's tricks

    dazu kommen, etwas zu tun — get round to doing something

    zum Einkaufen/Waschen kommen — get round to doing the shopping/washing

    3) (auftauchen) <seeds, plants> come up; <buds, flowers> come out; <peas, beans> form; < teeth> come through

    ihr ist ein Gedanke/eine Idee gekommen — she had a thought/an idea; a thought/an idea came to her

    zur Schule kommengo to or start school

    ins Krankenhaus/Gefängnis kommen — go into hospital/to prison

    in den Himmel/in die Hölle kommen — (fig.) go to heaven/hell

    5) (gehören) go; belong

    in die Schublade/ins Regal kommen — go or belong in the drawer/on the shelf

    6) (gebracht, befördert werden) go
    7) (geraten) get

    in Gefahr/Not/Verlegenheit kommen — get into danger/serious difficulties/get or become embarrassed

    unter ein Auto/zu Tode kommen — be knocked down by a car/be or get killed

    neben jemandem zu sitzen kommen — get to sit next to somebody; s. auch Schwung; Stimmung

    8) (nahen)

    ein Gewitter/die Flut kommt — a storm is approaching/the tide's coming in

    der Tag/die Nacht kommt — (geh.) day is breaking/night is falling

    im Kommen sein<fashion etc.> be coming in; < person> be on the way up

    9) (sich ereignen) come about; happen

    das durfte [jetzt] nicht kommen — (ugs. spött.) that's hardly the thing to say now

    gelegen/ungelegen kommen — <offer, opportunity> come/not come at the right moment; < visit> be/not be convenient

    überraschend [für jemanden] kommen — come as a surprise [to somebody]

    daher kommt es, dass... — that's [the reason] why...

    das kommt davon, dass... — that's because...

    vom vielen Rauchen/vom Vitaminmangel kommen — be due to smoking/vitamin deficiency

    wie kommt es, dass... — how is it that you/he etc....; how come that... (coll.)

    10) unpers

    es kam zum Streit/Kampf — there was a quarrel/fight

    es kam alles ganz andersit all or everything turned out quite differently

    so weit kommt es noch [, dass ich euern Dreck wieder wegräume]! — (ugs. iron.) that really is the limit[, expecting me to clear up your rubbish after you]!

    11) (ugs.): (erreicht werden)

    da vorn kommt eine Tankstellethere's a petrol station coming up (coll.)

    12)

    zu Erfolg/Ruhm usw. kommen — gain success/fame etc.

    nie zu etwas kommen(ugs.) never get anywhere

    [wieder] zu sich kommen — regain consciousness; come round

    13) (an der Reihe sein; folgen)

    zuerst/zuletzt kam... — first/last came...

    als erster/letzter kommen — come first/last

    jetzt komme ich [an die Reihe] — it is my turn now

    14) (ugs.): (sich verhalten)

    jemandem frech/unverschämt/grob kommen — be cheeky/impertinent/rude to somebody

    so lasse ich mir nicht kommen!I don't stand for that sort of thing!

    15)

    ich lasse auf ihn usw. nichts kommen — I won't hear anything said against him etc.

    über jemanden kommen(jemanden erfassen) < feeling> come over somebody

    auf hundert Berufstätige kommen vier Arbeitslose — for every hundred people in employment, there are four people unemployed

    17)

    seine Eltern kommen aus Sachsenhis parents come or are from Saxony

    18) (ugs.): (kosten)

    alles zusammen kam auf... — altogether it came to...

    wie teuer kommt der Stoff?how much or dear is that material?

    etwas kommt [jemanden] teuer — something comes expensive [for somebody]

    19) (ugs.): (anspringen) < engine> start
    20) (salopp): (Orgasmus haben) come (sl.)
    21) (ugs.): (als Aufforderung, Ermahnung)

    komm/kommt/kommen Sie — come on, now

    komm, komm — oh, come on

    [gut] kommen/nicht kommen — <serve, backhand, forehand, etc.> be going/not be going well

    23) in festen Wendungen: s. Ausbruch 2); Einsatz 3); Entfaltung 1); Fall
    * * *
    kommen v/i; kommt, kam, ist gekommen
    1. come; (ankommen) auch arrive; (gelangen) get (
    bis to);
    durch eine Stadt/Gegend kommen pass through a town/area;
    nach Hause kommen come ( oder get) home;
    wie komme ich zum Bahnhof/nach Linz? how do I get to the (US train) station/to Linz?;
    ich komme gerade von der Arbeit I’ve just got back from work;
    komm schon! come on!, hurry up!;
    ich komme schon! I’m coming;
    na, komm schon! umg come on(, now)!;
    er wird bald kommen he’ll be here ( oder with you) soon, he won’t be long;
    da kommt jemand there’s somebody coming;
    es ist Post für dich gekommen there’s some post (US mail) for you;
    spät kommen come ( oder be) late;
    zu spät kommen be late; und etwas versäumen: be too late;
    jetzt komme ich an die Reihe now it’s my turn;
    als Erster/zuletzt oder
    als Letzter kommen come first/last;
    wer zuerst kommt, mahlt zuerst sprichw first come, first served;
    wer zu spät kommt, den bestraft das Leben etwa: he who lags behind, loses;
    kommen come running etc along ( oder up);
    der soll mir nur kommen!, er soll nur kommen! drohend: (just) let him come;
    etwas kommen lassen (bestellen) send for ( oder order) sth;
    wie weit bist du gekommen? how far did you get?;
    es kam mir (der Gedanke), dass … it occurred to me that …;
    mir kommt eine Idee I’ve got an idea, I know what we can do;
    mir kommen die Tränen tears come to my eyes, my eyes fill with tears; iron don’t make me weep;
    das wird teuer kommen/dich teuer kommen umg it’ll come expensive/it’ll cost you;
    ihr Aufschlag kommt gut Tennis: her serve is coming on well; auch Reihe, spät B etc
    2. (herannahen) be coming;
    es kommt ein Gewitter there’s a storm coming (up);
    der Morgen kommt it’s nearly morning, it’s starting to get light;
    die Flut kommt the tide is coming in;
    da vorn kommt gleich eine Kreuzung there’s a junction (US intersection) coming up, we’re just coming to a junction (US intersection)
    3. (geschehen) auch happen;
    etwas kommen sehen (voraussehen) see sth coming;
    das kommt mir gelegen/ungelegen it’s a good/bad time ( oder the right/wrong moment) for me;
    wie kommt das? how does that come about?, how is that possible?;
    woher kommt es, dass how is it that, how come umg;
    das kommt daher, dass it’s because;
    das durfte jetzt nicht kommen it shouldn’t happen (now), it shouldn’t be possible; umg (das hättest du nicht sagen sollen) you shouldn’t have said that;
    was auch (immer) kommen mag whatever happens, …;
    komme, was da wolle come what may;
    es wird noch ganz anders kommen there’s worse to come (yet);
    das musste ja so kommen it had to ( oder was bound to) happen;
    es kam, wie es kommen musste the inevitable happened;
    es ist so weit gekommen, dass things have got to the stage where;
    es wird noch so weit kommen, dass er rausgeschmissen wird he’ll be thrown out one of these days
    4. umg
    wenn Sie mir so kommen if you talk to me like that;
    komm mir ja nicht so frech! don’t be so cheeky, US don’t be such a smart aleck, I don’t want any of your cheek;
    damit kannst du mir nicht kommen you don’t expect me to believe that, do you?;
    komm mir nicht dauernd mit der Geschichte I wish you wouldn’t keep going on ( oder I wish you’d stop pestering me) about that business;
    er kommt einfach mit diesen Ideen he just trots out these ideas
    5. umg (einen Orgasmus haben) come;
    ich komme I’m coming;
    es kommt ihr she’s coming
    6. umg (sich entwickeln) develop;
    wie kommt dein neues Projekt? how is your new project coming on?
    7.
    kommen an (+akk) (gelangen zu) come ( oder get) to, arrive at; (jemandem zukommen) go ( oder fall) to;
    an jemandes Stelle kommen take sb’s place; (sich verschaffen, bekommen) get hold of;
    wie bist du an die Daten gekommen? how did you come by these data?
    8.
    kommen auf (+akk) (herausfinden) think of, hit upon; (sich erinnern an) think of, remember;
    auf eine Summe kommen come to ( oder total) an amount;
    auf die Rechnung kommen go ( oder be put) on the bill (US auch tab);
    auf Seite 12 that comes ( oder is) on page 12;
    auf etwas zu sprechen kommen get onto the subject of sth;
    wie kommst du darauf? what makes you say that?, what gives you that idea?;
    darauf wäre ich nie gekommen it would never have occurred to me;
    ich komme nicht darauf! I just can’t think of it;
    darauf komme ich gleich I’ll be coming to that;
    auf 100 Einwohner kommt ein Arzt there’s a ( oder one) doctor for every 100 inhabitants;
    ich lasse nichts auf ihn kommen I won’t have anything said against him
    9.
    hinter etwas (+akk)
    kommen find sth out
    10.
    das Buch kommt ins oberste Regal/ins Arbeitszimmer the book goes on the top shelf/belongs in the study;
    in Gefahr/Not/Verlegenheit kommen get into danger/difficulties pl/an embarrassing situation;
    ins Rutschen kommen get into a slide ( oder skid)
    11.
    kommen get over a fence etc;
    über jemanden kommen Gefühl etc: come over sb; Fluch: come upon sb
    12.
    um etwas kommen lose sth; durch fremdes Mitwirken: be done out of sth;
    ums Leben kommen lose one’s life, die, (getötet werden) auch be killed
    13.
    kommen unter (+akk) eine Überschrift etc: go under; ein Auto etc: be run over by
    14.
    kommen von Ergebnis: be a result of ( oder due to);
    das kommt davon! see what happens?, what did I tell you?;
    das kommt davon, wenn du so viel trinkst that’s what happens when you drink so much
    15.
    kommen vor (+akk) come ( oder go) before;
    vors Gericht kommen Sache: come up before the court
    16.
    zu etwas kommen come ( oder get) to sth; (bekommen) come by sth, get hold of sth;
    zu Geld kommen (erben) come into money;
    zur Ansicht kommen, dass … come to the conclusion that …, decide that …;
    zur Sprache kommen come up (for discussion);
    (wieder) zu sich kommen come to ( oder [a]round), regain consciousness;
    wie kamst du bloß dazu(, das zu tun)? what on earth made you do that?;
    es kam zum Streit a quarrel developed;
    es kam zu Kämpfen zwischen fighting broke out between …;
    zum Stehen kommen come to a standstill;
    ich komme einfach nicht zum Lesen I just don’t get ( oder find) the time to read anything;
    ich komme aber erst morgen dazu I won’t get (a)round to it ( oder manage it) before tomorrow;
    wie kommen Sie dazu? how dare you?; auch Kraft 1, Sache etc
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein
    1) come; (eintreffen) come; arrive

    angelaufen/angebraust usw. kommen — come running/roaring etc. along; (auf jemanden zu) come running/roaring etc. up

    angekrochen kommen(fig.) come crawling up

    nach Hause kommencome or get home

    zu jemandem kommen(jemanden besuchen) come and see somebody

    ist für mich keine Post gekommen? — is/was there no post for me?

    etwas kommen lassen(etwas bestellen) order something

    jemanden kommen lassensend for or call somebody

    da könnte ja jeder kommen!(ugs.) who do you think you are?/who does he think he is? etc.

    komm mir bloß nicht damit!(ugs.) don't give me that!

    [bitte] kommen! — (im Funkverkehr) come in[, please]

    2) (gelangen) get

    ans Ufer/Ziel kommen — reach the bank/finishing-line

    wie komme ich nach Paris? — how do I get to Paris?; (fig.)

    auf etwas (Akk.) zu sprechen kommen — turn to the discussion of something

    jemandem auf die Spur/Schliche kommen — get on somebody's trail/get wise to somebody's tricks

    dazu kommen, etwas zu tun — get round to doing something

    zum Einkaufen/Waschen kommen — get round to doing the shopping/washing

    3) (auftauchen) <seeds, plants> come up; <buds, flowers> come out; <peas, beans> form; < teeth> come through

    ihr ist ein Gedanke/eine Idee gekommen — she had a thought/an idea; a thought/an idea came to her

    zur Schule kommengo to or start school

    ins Krankenhaus/Gefängnis kommen — go into hospital/to prison

    in den Himmel/in die Hölle kommen — (fig.) go to heaven/hell

    5) (gehören) go; belong

    in die Schublade/ins Regal kommen — go or belong in the drawer/on the shelf

    6) (gebracht, befördert werden) go
    7) (geraten) get

    in Gefahr/Not/Verlegenheit kommen — get into danger/serious difficulties/get or become embarrassed

    unter ein Auto/zu Tode kommen — be knocked down by a car/be or get killed

    neben jemandem zu sitzen kommen — get to sit next to somebody; s. auch Schwung; Stimmung

    ein Gewitter/die Flut kommt — a storm is approaching/the tide's coming in

    der Tag/die Nacht kommt — (geh.) day is breaking/night is falling

    im Kommen sein<fashion etc.> be coming in; < person> be on the way up

    9) (sich ereignen) come about; happen

    das durfte [jetzt] nicht kommen — (ugs. spött.) that's hardly the thing to say now

    gelegen/ungelegen kommen — <offer, opportunity> come/not come at the right moment; < visit> be/not be convenient

    überraschend [für jemanden] kommen — come as a surprise [to somebody]

    daher kommt es, dass... — that's [the reason] why...

    das kommt davon, dass... — that's because...

    vom vielen Rauchen/vom Vitaminmangel kommen — be due to smoking/vitamin deficiency

    wie kommt es, dass... — how is it that you/he etc....; how come that... (coll.)

    10) unpers

    es kam zum Streit/Kampf — there was a quarrel/fight

    es kam alles ganz andersit all or everything turned out quite differently

    so weit kommt es noch [, dass ich euern Dreck wieder wegräume]! — (ugs. iron.) that really is the limit[, expecting me to clear up your rubbish after you]!

    11) (ugs.): (erreicht werden)
    12)

    zu Erfolg/Ruhm usw. kommen — gain success/fame etc.

    nie zu etwas kommen(ugs.) never get anywhere

    [wieder] zu sich kommen — regain consciousness; come round

    13) (an der Reihe sein; folgen)

    zuerst/zuletzt kam... — first/last came...

    als erster/letzter kommen — come first/last

    jetzt komme ich [an die Reihe] — it is my turn now

    14) (ugs.): (sich verhalten)

    jemandem frech/unverschämt/grob kommen — be cheeky/impertinent/rude to somebody

    15)

    ich lasse auf ihn usw. nichts kommen — I won't hear anything said against him etc.

    über jemanden kommen(jemanden erfassen) < feeling> come over somebody

    auf hundert Berufstätige kommen vier Arbeitslose — for every hundred people in employment, there are four people unemployed

    17)
    18) (ugs.): (kosten)

    alles zusammen kam auf... — altogether it came to...

    wie teuer kommt der Stoff?how much or dear is that material?

    etwas kommt [jemanden] teuer — something comes expensive [for somebody]

    19) (ugs.): (anspringen) < engine> start
    20) (salopp): (Orgasmus haben) come (sl.)
    21) (ugs.): (als Aufforderung, Ermahnung)

    komm/kommt/kommen Sie — come on, now

    komm, komm — oh, come on

    22) (Sportjargon): (gelingen)

    [gut] kommen/nicht kommen — <serve, backhand, forehand, etc.> be going/not be going well

    23) in festen Wendungen: s. Ausbruch 2); Einsatz 3); Entfaltung 1); Fall
    * * *
    interj.
    come interj. v.
    (§ p.,pp.: kam, ist gekommen)
    = to come v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: came, come)
    to cum v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > kommen

  • 19 Kommen

    v/i; kommt, kam, ist gekommen
    1. come; (ankommen) auch arrive; (gelangen) get ( bis to); durch eine Stadt / Gegend kommen pass through a town / area; nach Hause kommen come ( oder get) home; wie komme ich zum Bahnhof / nach Linz? how do I get to the (Am. train) station / to Linz?; ich komme gerade von der Arbeit I’ve just got back from work; komm schon! come on!, hurry up!; ich komme schon! I’m coming; na, komm schon! umg. come on (, now)!; er wird bald kommen he’ll be here ( oder with you) soon, he won’t be long; da kommt jemand there’s somebody coming; es ist Post für dich gekommen there’s some post (Am. mail) for you; spät kommen come ( oder be) late; zu spät kommen be late; und etwas versäumen: be too late; jetzt komme ich an die Reihe now it’s my turn; zuerst oder als Erster / zuletzt oder als Letzter kommen come first / last; wer zuerst kommt, mahlt zuerst Sprichw. first come, first served; wer zu spät kommt, den bestraft das Leben etwa: he who lags behind, loses; angelaufen etc. kommen come running etc. along ( oder up); der soll mir nur kommen!, er soll nur kommen! drohend: (just) let him come; jemanden kommen lassen send for s.o.; etw. kommen lassen (bestellen) send for ( oder order) s.th.; wie weit bist du gekommen? how far did you get?; es kam mir ( der Gedanke), dass... it occurred to me that...; es kommt mir oder mir kommt eine Idee I’ve got an idea, I know what we can do; mir kommen die Tränen tears come to my eyes, my eyes fill with tears; iro. don’t make me weep; das wird teuer kommen / dich teuer kommen umg. it’ll come expensive / it’ll cost you; ihr Aufschlag kommt gut Tennis: her serve is coming on well; siehe auch Reihe, spät II etc.
    2. (herannahen) be coming; es kommt ein Gewitter there’s a storm coming (up); der Morgen kommt it’s nearly morning, it’s starting to get light; die Flut kommt the tide is coming in; da vorn kommt gleich eine Kreuzung there’s a junction (Am. intersection) coming up, we’re just coming to a junction (Am. intersection)
    3. (geschehen) auch happen; etw. kommen sehen (voraussehen) see s.th. coming; das kommt mir gelegen / ungelegen it’s a good / bad time ( oder the right / wrong moment) for me; wie kommt das? how does that come about?, how is that possible?; wie oder woher kommt es, dass how is it that, how come umg.; das kommt daher, dass it’s because; das durfte jetzt nicht kommen it shouldn’t happen (now), it shouldn’t be possible; umg. (das hättest du nicht sagen sollen) you shouldn’t have said that; was auch ( immer) kommen mag... whatever happens,...; komme, was da wolle come what may; es wird noch ganz anders kommen there’s worse to come (yet); das musste ja so kommen it had to ( oder was bound to) happen; es kam, wie es kommen musste the inevitable happened; es ist so weit gekommen, dass things have got to the stage where; es wird noch so weit kommen, dass er rausgeschmissen wird he’ll be thrown out one of these days
    4. umg. wenn Sie mir so kommen if you talk to me like that; komm mir ja nicht so frech! don’t be so cheeky, Am. don’t be such a smart aleck, I don’t want any of your cheek; komm mir nur nicht mit diesen Ausreden spare me your excuses; damit kannst du mir nicht kommen you don’t expect me to believe that, do you?; komm mir nicht dauernd mit der Geschichte I wish you wouldn’t keep going on ( oder I wish you’d stop pestering me) about that business; er kommt einfach mit diesen Ideen he just trots out these ideas
    5. umg. (einen Orgasmus haben) come; ich komme I’m coming; es kommt ihr she’s coming
    6. umg. (sich entwickeln) develop; wie kommt dein neues Projekt? how is your new project coming on?
    7. kommen an (+ Akk)
    a) (gelangen zu) come ( oder get) to, arrive at; (jemandem zukommen) go ( oder fall) to; an jemandes Stelle kommen take s.o.’s place;
    b) (sich verschaffen, bekommen) get hold of; wie bist du an die Daten gekommen? how did you come by these data?
    8. kommen auf (+ Akk) (herausfinden) think of, hit upon; (sich erinnern an) think of, remember; auf eine Summe kommen come to ( oder total) an amount; auf die Rechnung kommen go ( oder be put) on the bill (Am. auch tab); das kommt (steht) auf Seite 12 that comes ( oder is) on page 12; auf etw. zu sprechen kommen get onto the subject of s.th.; wie kommst du darauf? what makes you say that?, what gives you that idea?; darauf wäre ich nie gekommen it would never have occurred to me; ich komme nicht darauf! I just can’t think of it; darauf komme ich gleich I’ll be coming to that; auf 100 Einwohner kommt ein Arzt there’s a ( oder one) doctor for every 100 inhabitants; ich lasse nichts auf ihn kommen I won’t have anything said against him
    9. hinter etw. (+ Akk) kommen find s.th. out
    10. das Buch kommt ins oberste Regal / ins Arbeitszimmer the book goes on the top shelf / belongs in the study; in Gefahr / Not / Verlegenheit kommen get into danger / difficulties Pl. / an embarrassing situation; ins Rutschen kommen get into a slide ( oder skid)
    11. über einen Zaun etc. kommen get over a fence etc.; über jemanden kommen Gefühl etc.: come over s.o.; Fluch: come upon s.o.
    12. um etw. kommen lose s.th.; durch fremdes Mitwirken: be done out of s.th.; ums Leben kommen lose one’s life, die, (getötet werden) auch be killed
    13. kommen unter (+ Akk) eine Überschrift etc.: go under; ein Auto etc.: be run over by
    14. kommen von Ergebnis: be a result of ( oder due to); das kommt davon! see what happens?, what did I tell you?; das kommt davon, wenn du so viel trinkst that’s what happens when you drink so much
    15. kommen vor (+ Akk) come ( oder go) before; vors Gericht kommen Sache: come up before the court
    16. zu etw. kommen come ( oder get) to s.th.; (bekommen) come by s.th., get hold of s.th.; zu Geld kommen (erben) come into money; zur Ansicht kommen, dass... come to the conclusion that..., decide that...; zur Sprache kommen come up (for discussion); ( wieder) zu sich kommen come to ( oder [a]round), regain consciousness; wie kamst du bloß dazu(, das zu tun)? what on earth made you do that?; es kam zum Streit a quarrel developed; es kam zu Kämpfen zwischen... fighting broke out between...; zum Stehen kommen come to a standstill; ich komme einfach nicht zum Lesen I just don’t get ( oder find) the time to read anything; ich komme aber erst morgen dazu I won’t get (a)round to it ( oder manage it) before tomorrow; wie kommen Sie dazu? how dare you?; siehe auch Kraft 1, Sache etc.
    * * *
    to arrive; to emerge; to come
    * * *
    Kọm|men
    nt -s, no pl
    coming

    ein einziges Kommen und Gehen — a constant coming and going

    jd ist im Kommensb is on his/her way up

    * * *
    das
    1) (coming or arrival: the advent of space travel.) advent
    2) (to (manage to) move, go, take, put etc: He couldn't get across the river; I got the book down from the shelf.) get
    3) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) come
    4) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) come
    * * *
    kom·men
    [ˈkɔmən]
    1.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (eintreffen) to come, to arrive
    ich bin gerade ge\kommen I just arrived [or got here]
    ich komme schon! I'm coming!
    sie \kommen morgen aus Berlin they're arriving [or coming] from Berlin tomorrow
    der Zug kommt aus Paris the train is coming from Paris
    da kommt Anne/der Bus there's Anne/the bus
    der Bus müsste jeden Augenblick \kommen the bus is due any minute
    ich komme um vier und hole Sie ab I'll come and fetch you at four
    der Wind kommt von Osten/von der See the wind is blowing [or coming] from the East/off the sea
    sie kam in Begleitung ihres Mannes she was accompanied by her husband
    ich bin ge\kommen, um zu helfen I've come [or I'm here] to help
    du kommst wie gerufen! you've come just at the right moment!
    wann soll das Baby \kommen? when's the baby due?
    das Baby kam am 1. Mai the baby arrived [or was born] on the 1 May
    zurzeit \kommen laufend Anfragen zur neuen Software we keep receiving queries about the new software at the moment
    seine Antwort kam zögernd his answer was hesitant, he answered hesitantly
    jede Hilfe kam zu spät help came [or arrived] too late
    angefahren/angeflogen/angerannt \kommen to arrive by car/by plane/at a run
    sie kamen gestern aus Rom angefahren/angeflogen they drove up/flew in from Rome yesterday
    angereist \kommen to arrive
    mit dem Auto/Fahrrad \kommen to come by car/bike, to drive/cycle
    als Erster/Letzter \kommen to be the first/last to arrive, to arrive first/last
    früh/pünktlich/rechtzeitig/spät \kommen to arrive early/on time [or punctually]/in time/late
    zu Fuß \kommen to come on foot, to walk
    2.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (gelangen)
    irgendwohin \kommen to get [or reach] somewhere
    kommt man hier zum Bahnhof? is this the way to the station?
    wie komme ich von hier zum Bahnhof? how do I get to the station from here?
    zu Fuß kommt man am schnellsten dahin the quickest way [to get] there is to walk
    sie kommt kaum noch aus dem Haus she hardly gets out of the house these days
    nach Hause \kommen to come [or get] home
    unter's Messer \kommen (hum) to have an operation
    [sicher] ans Ufer \kommen to [safely] reach the bank
    ans Ziel \kommen to reach the finishing [or AM finish] line
    3.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich begeben) to come
    kommst du mit uns ins Kino? are you coming to the cinema with us?
    meine Kollegin kommt sofort zu Ihnen my colleague will be with you [or be along] immediately
    nach draußen/oben/unten \kommen to come outside/upstairs/downstairs
    nach London/England \kommen to come to London/England
    4.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (passieren)
    durch etw akk/über etw akk/einen Ort \kommen to pass [or come] through sth/a place
    5.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (teilnehmen)
    zu etw dat \kommen Kongress, Party, Training to come to [or form attend] sth
    6.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (besuchen)
    zu jdm \kommen to visit sb, to come and see [or visit] sb
    ich komme gern[e] einmal zu Ihnen I'd be delighted to visit you sometime
    komm doch mal, ich würde mich sehr freuen! [come and] stop by sometime, I'd love to see you!
    7.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (herstammen)
    irgendwoher \kommen to come [or be] [or hail] from somewhere
    sie kommt aus New York/Australien she's [or she comes] [or she hails] from New York/Australia, she's a New Yorker/an Australian
    8.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (folgen, an der Reihe sein) to come
    wer kommt [jetzt]? whose turn [or go] is it?
    nach etw dat \kommen to come after [or follow] sth
    die Schule kommt kurz nach der Kreuzung the school is just after the crossroads
    nach/vor jdm \kommen to come after/before sb
    an die Reihe \kommen to be sb's turn [or go]
    ich komme zuerst [an die Reihe] I'm first, it's my turn [or go] first
    noch \kommen to be still [or yet] to come
    da wird noch mehr Ärger \kommen there'll be more trouble yet
    das Schlimmste kommt noch the worst is yet to come
    zuerst [o als Erster] /als Nächster/zuletzt [o als Letzter] \kommen to come first/next/last
    9.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (untergebracht werden)
    ins Gefängnis/Krankenhaus \kommen to go to prison/into hospital
    vor Gericht \kommen Fall to come to court; Mensch to come [or appear] before the court
    in die Schule/Lehre \kommen to start school/an apprenticeship
    10.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (erlangen)
    zu etw dat \kommen to achieve sth
    wie komme ich zu dieser Ehre? (iron, hum) to what do I owe this honour?
    zu der Erkenntnis \kommen, dass... to realize [or come to the realization] that...
    zu Geld \kommen to come into money
    zu Kräften \kommen to gain strength
    zu Ruhm \kommen to achieve [or win] fame
    [wieder] zu sich dat selbst \kommen to get out of one's head, to come back to [or find] oneself again
    zu sich dat \kommen to come to, to regain consciousness
    an jdn/etw \kommen to get hold of sb/sth
    wie bist du an das viele Geld ge\kommen? how did you get hold of [or come by] all that money?; s.a. Besinnung, Ruhe
    11.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (verlieren)
    um etw akk \kommen to lose sth
    ums Leben \kommen to lose one's life, to be killed, to die
    12.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (erreichen) to reach
    auf den 2. Platz \kommen to reach 2nd place, to come [in] 2nd
    13.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (gebracht werden) to come
    kam Post für mich? was there any post for me?
    14.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (veranlassen, dass jd kommt)
    den Arzt/den Klempner/ein Taxi \kommen lassen to send for [or call] the doctor/the plumber/a taxi
    15.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (hingehören) to go, to belong
    die Tasse kommt dahin the cup belongs there
    16.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (herannahen) to approach; (eintreten, geschehen) to come about, to happen
    heute kommt noch ein Gewitter there'll be a thunderstorm today
    der Winter kommt mit Riesenschritten winter is fast approaching
    der Termin kommt etwas ungelegen the meeting comes at a somewhat inconvenient time
    das habe ich schon lange \kommen sehen! I saw that coming a long time ago
    das kam doch anders als erwartet it/that turned out [or happened] differently than expected
    es kam eins zum anderen one thing led to another
    und so kam es, dass... and that's why/how..., and that's how it came about [or happened] that...
    wie kommt es, dass...? how is it that...?, how come...?
    es musste ja so \kommen it/that was bound to happen
    es hätte viel schlimmer \kommen können it could have been much worse
    zu etw dat \kommen to happen
    zum Prozess \kommen to come to trial
    es zu etw dat \kommen lassen zum Streit to let it come to sth
    so weit \kommen, dass... to get to the stage [or point] where...
    so weit kommt es noch! (iron fam) that'll be the day! fam
    komme, was da wolle come what may
    was auch immer \kommen mag whatever happens
    wie's kommt so kommt's whatever will be, will be
    [wieder] im K\kommen sein to be[come] fashionable again
    17.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (in Erscheinung treten) Pflanzen to come on [or along]
    die ersten Tomaten \kommen schon the first tomatoes are appearing
    18.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (jdn erfassen)
    über jdn \kommen Gefühl to come over sb
    eine gewaltige Traurigkeit kam über mich I was overcome by a tremendous sadness
    es kam einfach so über mich it just came over me
    19.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich bei jdm zeigen)
    jdm \kommen die Tränen sb is overcome by tears, sb starts to cry
    jdm \kommen Zweifel, ob... sb is beset [or overcome] by doubts [or sb doubts] whether...
    20.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (in einen Zustand geraten)
    in etw akk \kommen to get into sth
    wir kamen plötzlich ins Schleudern we suddenly started to skid
    in Fahrt [o Schwung] \kommen to get going
    in Gefahr/Not \kommen to get into danger/difficulty
    in Sicherheit \kommen to get to safety
    in Verlegenheit \kommen to get [or become] embarrassed; s.a. Stillstand
    21.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich verhalten) to be
    so lasse ich mir nicht \kommen! I won't have [or stand for] that!
    so kommst du mir nicht! don't you take that line with me!
    jdm frech \kommen to be cheeky to sb
    22.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (fam: jdn belästigen)
    jdm mit etw dat \kommen to start telling sb about sth
    komm mir nicht schon wieder damit! don't give me [or start] that again!
    da kann [o könnte] ja jeder \kommen (fam) anyone could say that
    der soll nur \kommen! (fam) just let him try!
    23.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (seinen Grund haben) to come from
    daher kommt es, dass... that's why...
    das kommt davon! (fam) it's your own fault!
    das kommt davon, dass/weil... that's because...
    das kommt davon, wenn... that's what happens when...
    wie kommt es, dass... how come..., how is it that [that]...
    24.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich an etw erinnern)
    auf etw akk \kommen to remember sth, to recall sth
    ich komme beim besten Willen nicht darauf I just can't seem to remember [or recall] it
    25.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (einfallen)
    jdm \kommen to think of, to occur
    jdm kommt der Gedanke, dass... it occurs to sb that...
    na, das kommt dir aber früh! (iron) why didn't that occur to you sooner?
    26.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich verschaffen)
    an etw akk \kommen to get hold of sth
    wie bist du an das Geld ge\kommen? where did you get the money?
    27.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (etw herausfinden)
    hinter etw akk \kommen Pläne to find out sth sep, to get to the bottom of sth
    hinter ein Geheimnis \kommen to uncover [or sep find out] a secret
    wie kommst du darauf? what gives you that idea?, what makes you think that?; s.a. Schlich, Spur
    28.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein FILM, RADIO, TV (gesendet werden) to be on
    was kommt heute im Fernsehen? what's on [television] tonight?
    als Nächstes \kommen die Nachrichten the news is [on] next
    29.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (Zeit für etw finden)
    zu etw dat \kommen to get around to doing sth
    ich komme zu nichts mehr! I don't have time for anything else!
    30.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (entfallen)
    auf jdn/etw \kommen to be allotted to sb/sth
    auf jeden Studenten kamen drei Studentinnen for every male student there were three female students, the ratio of female to male students was 3:1
    31.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (ähnlich sein)
    nach jdm \kommen to take after sb
    32.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (fam: kosten) to cost
    die Reparatur kam sehr teuer the repairs cost a lot [of money]
    auf etw akk \kommen to come to sth
    33.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (überfahren werden)
    unter ein Auto/einen Lastwagen \kommen to be knocked down by a car/lorry [or AM truck]
    unter die Räder \kommen to get knocked [or run] down [or run over
    34.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (ansprechen)
    auf einen Punkt/eine Angelegenheit \kommen to broach [or get onto] a point/matter
    auf etw akk zu sprechen \kommen to get [a]round to [talking about] sth
    jetzt, wo wir auf das Thema Gehaltserhöhung zu sprechen \kommen,... now that we're on [or we've got round to] the subject of pay rises...
    ich werde gleich darauf \kommen I'll come [or get] to that in a moment
    35.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (reichen)
    an etw akk \kommen to reach sth
    36.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sl: Orgasmus haben) to come fam
    37.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (fam: eine Aufforderung verstärkend)
    komm, sei nicht so enttäuscht come on, don't be so disappointed
    komm, lass uns gehen! come on [or hurry up], let's go!
    komm, komm, werd nicht frech! now now, don't get cheeky!
    ach komm! (fam) come on!
    38.
    erstens kommt es anders und zweitens als man denkt (prov) things never turn out the way you expect
    komm ich heut nicht, komm ich morgen (prov) you'll see me when you see me
    zu kurz \kommen to come off badly, to get a raw deal
    auf jdn/etw nichts \kommen lassen (fam) to not hear a [bad] word said against sb
    wer zuerst kommt, mahlt zuerst (prov) first come, first served; s.a. achtzig, halten, nahe, Zeit
    1.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sich einfinden)
    es kommt jd sb is coming
    es kommt jetzt der berühmte Magier Obrikanus! and now the famous magician, Obrikanus!
    es scheint keiner mehr zu \kommen nobody else seems to be coming
    2.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (beginnen)
    es kommt etw sth is coming
    es kommt auch mal wieder schöneres Wetter the weather will turn nice again
    3.
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (sl: Orgasmus haben)
    es kommt jdm (veraltet) sb comes
    <kam, gekommen>
    Hilfsverb: sein (fam: kosten)
    jdn etw \kommen to cost sb sth
    die Reparatur kam mich sehr teuer I paid a lot [of money] for the repairs, the repairs cost a lot [of money]
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein
    1) come; (eintreffen) come; arrive

    angelaufen/angebraust usw. kommen — come running/roaring etc. along; (auf jemanden zu) come running/roaring etc. up

    angekrochen kommen(fig.) come crawling up

    durch eine Gegend kommenpass through a region

    nach Hause kommencome or get home

    zu jemandem kommen(jemanden besuchen) come and see somebody

    ist für mich keine Post gekommen? — is/was there no post for me?

    etwas kommen lassen(etwas bestellen) order something

    jemanden kommen lassensend for or call somebody

    da könnte ja jeder kommen!(ugs.) who do you think you are?/who does he think he is? etc.

    komm mir bloß nicht damit!(ugs.) don't give me that!

    [bitte] kommen! — (im Funkverkehr) come in[, please]

    2) (gelangen) get

    ans Ufer/Ziel kommen — reach the bank/finishing-line

    wie komme ich nach Paris? — how do I get to Paris?; (fig.)

    auf etwas (Akk.) zu sprechen kommen — turn to the discussion of something

    jemandem auf die Spur/Schliche kommen — get on somebody's trail/get wise to somebody's tricks

    dazu kommen, etwas zu tun — get round to doing something

    zum Einkaufen/Waschen kommen — get round to doing the shopping/washing

    3) (auftauchen) <seeds, plants> come up; <buds, flowers> come out; <peas, beans> form; < teeth> come through

    ihr ist ein Gedanke/eine Idee gekommen — she had a thought/an idea; a thought/an idea came to her

    zur Schule kommengo to or start school

    ins Krankenhaus/Gefängnis kommen — go into hospital/to prison

    in den Himmel/in die Hölle kommen — (fig.) go to heaven/hell

    5) (gehören) go; belong

    in die Schublade/ins Regal kommen — go or belong in the drawer/on the shelf

    6) (gebracht, befördert werden) go
    7) (geraten) get

    in Gefahr/Not/Verlegenheit kommen — get into danger/serious difficulties/get or become embarrassed

    unter ein Auto/zu Tode kommen — be knocked down by a car/be or get killed

    neben jemandem zu sitzen kommen — get to sit next to somebody; s. auch Schwung; Stimmung

    8) (nahen)

    ein Gewitter/die Flut kommt — a storm is approaching/the tide's coming in

    der Tag/die Nacht kommt — (geh.) day is breaking/night is falling

    im Kommen sein<fashion etc.> be coming in; < person> be on the way up

    9) (sich ereignen) come about; happen

    das durfte [jetzt] nicht kommen — (ugs. spött.) that's hardly the thing to say now

    gelegen/ungelegen kommen — <offer, opportunity> come/not come at the right moment; < visit> be/not be convenient

    überraschend [für jemanden] kommen — come as a surprise [to somebody]

    daher kommt es, dass... — that's [the reason] why...

    das kommt davon, dass... — that's because...

    vom vielen Rauchen/vom Vitaminmangel kommen — be due to smoking/vitamin deficiency

    wie kommt es, dass... — how is it that you/he etc....; how come that... (coll.)

    10) unpers

    es kam zum Streit/Kampf — there was a quarrel/fight

    es kam alles ganz andersit all or everything turned out quite differently

    so weit kommt es noch [, dass ich euern Dreck wieder wegräume]! — (ugs. iron.) that really is the limit[, expecting me to clear up your rubbish after you]!

    11) (ugs.): (erreicht werden)

    da vorn kommt eine Tankstellethere's a petrol station coming up (coll.)

    12)

    zu Erfolg/Ruhm usw. kommen — gain success/fame etc.

    nie zu etwas kommen(ugs.) never get anywhere

    [wieder] zu sich kommen — regain consciousness; come round

    13) (an der Reihe sein; folgen)

    zuerst/zuletzt kam... — first/last came...

    als erster/letzter kommen — come first/last

    jetzt komme ich [an die Reihe] — it is my turn now

    14) (ugs.): (sich verhalten)

    jemandem frech/unverschämt/grob kommen — be cheeky/impertinent/rude to somebody

    so lasse ich mir nicht kommen!I don't stand for that sort of thing!

    15)

    ich lasse auf ihn usw. nichts kommen — I won't hear anything said against him etc.

    über jemanden kommen(jemanden erfassen) < feeling> come over somebody

    auf hundert Berufstätige kommen vier Arbeitslose — for every hundred people in employment, there are four people unemployed

    17)

    seine Eltern kommen aus Sachsenhis parents come or are from Saxony

    18) (ugs.): (kosten)

    alles zusammen kam auf... — altogether it came to...

    wie teuer kommt der Stoff?how much or dear is that material?

    etwas kommt [jemanden] teuer — something comes expensive [for somebody]

    19) (ugs.): (anspringen) < engine> start
    20) (salopp): (Orgasmus haben) come (sl.)
    21) (ugs.): (als Aufforderung, Ermahnung)

    komm/kommt/kommen Sie — come on, now

    komm, komm — oh, come on

    [gut] kommen/nicht kommen — <serve, backhand, forehand, etc.> be going/not be going well

    23) in festen Wendungen: s. Ausbruch 2); Einsatz 3); Entfaltung 1); Fall
    * * *
    Kommen n; -s, kein pl arrival;
    ein ständiges Kommen und Gehen a constant coming and going;
    es ist ein ständiges Kommen und Gehen people are in and out all day, there’s a constant stream of of people coming and going;
    im Kommen sein Ideologie etc: be in the ascendant;
    sind wieder im Kommen wider ties etc are coming in again;
    dieser Dirigent ist im Kommen he’s an up-and-coming conductor
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein
    1) come; (eintreffen) come; arrive

    angelaufen/angebraust usw. kommen — come running/roaring etc. along; (auf jemanden zu) come running/roaring etc. up

    angekrochen kommen(fig.) come crawling up

    nach Hause kommencome or get home

    zu jemandem kommen(jemanden besuchen) come and see somebody

    ist für mich keine Post gekommen? — is/was there no post for me?

    etwas kommen lassen(etwas bestellen) order something

    jemanden kommen lassensend for or call somebody

    da könnte ja jeder kommen!(ugs.) who do you think you are?/who does he think he is? etc.

    komm mir bloß nicht damit!(ugs.) don't give me that!

    [bitte] kommen! — (im Funkverkehr) come in[, please]

    2) (gelangen) get

    ans Ufer/Ziel kommen — reach the bank/finishing-line

    wie komme ich nach Paris? — how do I get to Paris?; (fig.)

    auf etwas (Akk.) zu sprechen kommen — turn to the discussion of something

    jemandem auf die Spur/Schliche kommen — get on somebody's trail/get wise to somebody's tricks

    dazu kommen, etwas zu tun — get round to doing something

    zum Einkaufen/Waschen kommen — get round to doing the shopping/washing

    3) (auftauchen) <seeds, plants> come up; <buds, flowers> come out; <peas, beans> form; < teeth> come through

    ihr ist ein Gedanke/eine Idee gekommen — she had a thought/an idea; a thought/an idea came to her

    zur Schule kommengo to or start school

    ins Krankenhaus/Gefängnis kommen — go into hospital/to prison

    in den Himmel/in die Hölle kommen — (fig.) go to heaven/hell

    5) (gehören) go; belong

    in die Schublade/ins Regal kommen — go or belong in the drawer/on the shelf

    6) (gebracht, befördert werden) go
    7) (geraten) get

    in Gefahr/Not/Verlegenheit kommen — get into danger/serious difficulties/get or become embarrassed

    unter ein Auto/zu Tode kommen — be knocked down by a car/be or get killed

    neben jemandem zu sitzen kommen — get to sit next to somebody; s. auch Schwung; Stimmung

    ein Gewitter/die Flut kommt — a storm is approaching/the tide's coming in

    der Tag/die Nacht kommt — (geh.) day is breaking/night is falling

    im Kommen sein<fashion etc.> be coming in; < person> be on the way up

    9) (sich ereignen) come about; happen

    das durfte [jetzt] nicht kommen — (ugs. spött.) that's hardly the thing to say now

    gelegen/ungelegen kommen — <offer, opportunity> come/not come at the right moment; < visit> be/not be convenient

    überraschend [für jemanden] kommen — come as a surprise [to somebody]

    daher kommt es, dass... — that's [the reason] why...

    das kommt davon, dass... — that's because...

    vom vielen Rauchen/vom Vitaminmangel kommen — be due to smoking/vitamin deficiency

    wie kommt es, dass... — how is it that you/he etc....; how come that... (coll.)

    10) unpers

    es kam zum Streit/Kampf — there was a quarrel/fight

    es kam alles ganz andersit all or everything turned out quite differently

    so weit kommt es noch [, dass ich euern Dreck wieder wegräume]! — (ugs. iron.) that really is the limit[, expecting me to clear up your rubbish after you]!

    11) (ugs.): (erreicht werden)
    12)

    zu Erfolg/Ruhm usw. kommen — gain success/fame etc.

    nie zu etwas kommen(ugs.) never get anywhere

    [wieder] zu sich kommen — regain consciousness; come round

    13) (an der Reihe sein; folgen)

    zuerst/zuletzt kam... — first/last came...

    als erster/letzter kommen — come first/last

    jetzt komme ich [an die Reihe] — it is my turn now

    14) (ugs.): (sich verhalten)

    jemandem frech/unverschämt/grob kommen — be cheeky/impertinent/rude to somebody

    15)

    ich lasse auf ihn usw. nichts kommen — I won't hear anything said against him etc.

    über jemanden kommen(jemanden erfassen) < feeling> come over somebody

    auf hundert Berufstätige kommen vier Arbeitslose — for every hundred people in employment, there are four people unemployed

    17)
    18) (ugs.): (kosten)

    alles zusammen kam auf... — altogether it came to...

    wie teuer kommt der Stoff?how much or dear is that material?

    etwas kommt [jemanden] teuer — something comes expensive [for somebody]

    19) (ugs.): (anspringen) < engine> start
    20) (salopp): (Orgasmus haben) come (sl.)
    21) (ugs.): (als Aufforderung, Ermahnung)

    komm/kommt/kommen Sie — come on, now

    komm, komm — oh, come on

    22) (Sportjargon): (gelingen)

    [gut] kommen/nicht kommen — <serve, backhand, forehand, etc.> be going/not be going well

    23) in festen Wendungen: s. Ausbruch 2); Einsatz 3); Entfaltung 1); Fall
    * * *
    interj.
    come interj. v.
    (§ p.,pp.: kam, ist gekommen)
    = to come v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: came, come)
    to cum v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Kommen

  • 20 come

    kʌm гл.
    1) а) подходить, приходить;
    представать, представляться Yonder comes a knight. ≈ Вон подходит рыцарь. Godfather, come and see your boy. ≈ Крестный отец, подойдите же и посмотрите на вашего мальчика. come before the Court Syn: arrive, gain, reach, approach Ant: go, leave б) прибывать, приезжать;
    преодолевать( какое-л. расстояние) We have come many miles by train. ≈ Мы приехали на поезде издалека. Syn: arrive, gain, reach Ant: leave ∙ come one's way come one's ways come into the world come day go day let'em all come! ≈ будь что будет! мы не боимся! (формула, выражающая бесстрашие перед лицом противных обстоятельств)
    2) достигать какой-л. конечной, предельной точки а) делаться, становиться - come short б) доходить, достигать ( какого-л. значения какой-л. величины), равняться, составлять;
    простираться( до какого-л. предела, границы) The bill comes to 357 pounds. ≈ Счет составляет 357 фунтов. Does the railway come near the town? ≈ Насколько близко к городу железная дорога? Syn: reach в) приходить в соприкосновение с чем-л., вступать в связь с чем-л., (обычно с указанием, с чем именно) The carbines will come into play. ≈ В игру вступят карабины. She came into collision with a steamer. ≈ Она столкнулась с пароходом. г) наступать, случаться, происходить (может прямо не переводиться) A compromise was come to. ≈ Был достигнут компромисс. All her masts came immediately by the board. ≈ Мгновенно все мачты оказались за бортом. come to an end Syn: happen, occur come what may ≈ будь, что будет д) появляться, проявляться( о различных объектах) ;
    прорастать( о семенах вообще, но в частности о зерне в процессе пивоварения) This word comes on the page
    200. ≈ Это слово встречается на странице
    200. He sowed turnips, but none of them came. ≈ Он посадил репу, но она не выросла. е) сл. испытывать оргазм, "кончать" (иногда в сочетании с off) ж) выпадать, доставаться кому-л. (о вещи, доле и т.п.) ;
    передаваться по наследству, по договору и т.п. Stanbury belongs to us. It came through my mother. ≈ Стенбери принадлежит нам. Мы получили его в наследство от моей матери. have it coming to one з) получаться, выходить;
    подходить, достигать состояния готовности (о сыре, масле и т.д.) He repainted the figure, but it wouldn't come well. ≈ Он заново нарисовал фигуру, но она никак не хотела выйти хорошо.
    3) происходить, истекать ((из какого-л. источника;
    также о роде)) ;
    следовать, вытекать( как следствие из причины) Words which come originally from the Latin. ≈ Слова, изначально пришедшие из латыни. I came from a race of fishers. ≈ Я из рыбацкого рода. No good could come of it. ≈ Из этого не выйдет ничего хорошего.
    4) поставляться (обычно в каком-л. виде, о товарах) The car comes with or without the rear wing. ≈ Машина поставляется в двух модификациях - с задним антикрылом и без заднего антикрыла.
    5) в повелительном наклонении: восклицание, означающее а) приглашение, побуждение или легкий упрек, т.е. ну, давай, вперед и т.д. б) просьбу быть аккуратнее, осторожнее, т.е. стой, погоди и т.п.
    6) в сочетании с причастием настоящего времени: появляться, происходить, начинать происходить, сопровождаясь действием или характеристикой, выраженной указанным причастием The fog came pouring in at every chink and keyhole. ≈ Изо всех щелей и замочных скважин полился туман. ∙ come about come across come across as come after come again come along come amiss come apart come around come around to come asunder come at come away come away with come back come back to come before come between come by come clean come close to come down come down on come down to come down to brass tacks come down to brass nails come down with come first come for come forward come from come home come home to come in come in for come in on come into come near come next come of come off come on come out come out against come out at come out for come out from come out in come out of come over come round come short of come through come to come together come under come up come up against come up for come up to come up with come upon come within come on! ≈ живей!;
    продолжайте!;
    идем (тж. как формула вызова) to come out with one's life ≈ остаться в живых, уцелеть (после боя и т. п.) (which is) to come ≈ грядущий;
    будущий pleasure to come ≈ предвкушаемое удовольствие light come light go ≈ что досталось легко, быстро исчезает to come down to brass tacks ≈ говорить о фактах to come down to earthспуститься с небес на землю to come when one's ship comes ≈ когда кто-л. станет богатым to come in on the ground floorначать дело с нуля to come out of the blueнеожиданно появляться, наступать to come out of one's shell ≈ выйти из своей скорлупы to come easy toне представлять трудностей для( кого-л.) to come to harmпострадать to come in usefulприйтись кстати to come natural ≈ быть естественным things to comeгрядущее in days to come ≈ в будущем to come to the bookприносить присягу перед исполнением обязанностей судьи to come it strongдействовать энергично to come it too strongперестараться to come apart at the seamsпотерять самообладание, выдержку to come of ageдостигать совершеннолетия - come to bat - come to pass to come to stay приходить;
    идти;
    - to * to the office приходить на службу;
    - to * home приходить домой;
    - to * down спускаться, опускаться;
    - please ask him to * down пожалуйста, попросите его сойти вниз;
    - the curtain came down занавес опустился;
    - to * up подниматься, идти вверх;
    - I saw him coming up the hill я видел, как он поднимался в гору;
    - the diver came up at last наконец водолаз появился на поверхности;
    - the curtain came up занавес поднялся;
    - to * along the street идти по улице;
    - I saw him coming along the road я видел, как он шел по дороге;
    - to * by проходить мимо;
    - I will wait here until he *s by я буду ждать здесь, пока он не пройдет (мимо) ;
    - to * forward выходить вперед, выступить( из рядов) ;
    - volunteers, * forward добровольцы, вперед!;
    - to * in входить;
    - ask him to * in попросите его войти;
    - to * into a room входить в комнату;
    - to * out выходить;
    - when he came out it was dark когда он вышел( из дома), было уже темно;
    - the moon has * out взошла луна;
    - to * out of one's shell выйти из своей скорлупы;
    - to * back вернуться, прийти назад;
    - he will * back он возвратится;
    - to * late приходить поздно;
    - to * to smb. for advice прийти к кому-л за советом;
    - he often *s to see me он часто навещает меня;
    - * and see what I have found приходите посмотреть, что я нашел приезжать, прибывать;
    - the train *s at three o'clock поезд прибывает в три часа;
    - he came to London last night он приехал в Лондон вчера вечером;
    - he has * a long way он приехал издалека идти;
    ехать;
    - I'm coming with you я иду с вами;
    - *! пошли!, идем!;
    - coming! иду!, сечас!;
    - are you coming my way? вам со мной по пути? - to * past проходить мимо;
    - a number of people came past мимо прошло много народу;
    - the soldier had orders not to let anybody * past солдат получил приказ никого не пропускать;
    - to * and go ходить взад и вперед;
    - we have * many miles мы проехали много миль проходить, приближаться;
    - the girl started when he came hear девочка вздрогнула, когда он приблизился;
    - I now * to the third point теперь я перехожу к третьему вопросу доходить, достигать;
    - the forest came to the very bank лес доходил до самого берега;
    - does the railway * right to the town? подходит ли железнодорожная линия к самому городу?;
    - his voice came to me through the mist его голос доносился до меня сквозь туман;
    - through the open window came the sounds of a piano из открытого окна раздавались звуки рояля;
    - it came to me that... до меня дошло, что..., мне стало известно, что...;
    - it came to me at last that... наконец до моего сознания дошло, что... равняться, достигать;
    - your bill *s to $10 ваш счет равняется десяти долларам;
    - his earnings * to $1,000 a year его заработок составляет тысячу долларов в год;
    - let us put it all together and see what it will * to давайте сложим все это и посмотрим, что получится сводиться( к чему-л) ;
    - it all *s to the same thing все это сводится к одному и тому же;
    - what he knows does not * to much его знания невелики;
    - to * to nothing окончиться ничем, свестись к нулю;
    сойти на нет прийти (к чему-л) ;
    достичь( чего-л) ;
    - to * to an understanding прийти к соглашению, договориться;
    - to * to a decision принять решение;
    - to * to an end прийти к концу, окончиться наступать, приходить;
    - spring came пришла весна;
    - a crisis is coming приближается кризис;
    - his turn came наступила его очередь, настал его черед;
    - ill luck came to me меня постигла неудача;
    - dinner came at last наконец подали обед;
    - success is yet to * успех еще впереди ожидаться, предстоять;
    - the time to * будущее;
    - the years to * грядущие годы;
    - the life to * будущая жизнь;
    - orders to * предстоящие заказы;
    - for three months to * в течение трех следующих месяцев появляться, возникать;
    - an idea came into his head ему пришла в голову мысль, у него возникла идея;
    - inspiration came to him на него нашло вдохновение;
    - it came to me у меня появилась мысль;
    я припомнил;
    - it *s to me that I owe you money я припоминаю, что я вам должен;
    - his colour came and went он то краснел, то бледнел - he tried to speak but no word would * from his mouth он хотел что-то сказать, но не мог вымолвить ни слова находиться;
    - on what page does it *? на какой это странице? случаться;
    происходить;
    проистекать;
    - this *s from disobedience это происходит от непослушания;
    - how did it * that you quarrelled? как это вы поссорились? - no harm will * to you с тобой ничего не случится;
    тебе ничего не грозит;
    - be ready for whatever *s будь готов ко всему;
    - * what may будь что будет выходить, получаться, приводить;
    - to * to good дать хороший результат;
    - to * to no good плохо кончить;
    - to * to harm пострадать;
    попасть в беду, неприятность;
    - it will * all right in the end в конце концов все будет в порядке;
    - nothing came of the matter из этого дела ничего не вышло;
    no good will * of it ничего хорошего из этого не получиться, это до добра не доведет;
    - a dream that came true сбывшаяся мечна;
    - the dress would not * as she wanted платье получилось не таким, как ей хотелось;
    - her jelly won't * желе у нее не застывало;
    - the butter came very quickly todey сегодня масло сбилось очень быстро происходить, иметь происхождение;
    - this word *s from Latin это слово латинского происхождения;
    - this book *s from his library эта книга из его библиотеки;
    - he *s from London он родом из Лондона;
    - she *s from a well-known family она происходит из известной семьи доставаться;
    - the house is coming to his son after his death после его смерти дом достанется сыну прорастать, всходить, расти;
    - the corn *s пшеница всходит;
    - the barley had * remarkably well ячмень дал отличные всходы (американизм) (разговорное) устроить, сделать( что-л) ;
    - to * a trick over one's pal сыграть плохую шутку со своим другом( разговорное) испытать оргазм, кончить (тж. * on, * now) в грам. знач. междометия выражает: побуждение к совершению какого-л. действия: ну!, живо!, давай!;
    - * out with it, boy ну, парень, выкладывай упрек, протест: ну что вы!;
    - what? He here! Oh! *, *! как? Он здесь?! Да оставьте вы! увещевание: полно!, ну, ну!;
    - *, *, you shouldn't speak like that! ну полно, вы не должны так говорить!;
    - now *! be patient! ну потерпите;
    имей термение;
    - *, *, don't be so foolish! ну, ну, не дури! в грам. знач. предлога: (если) считать, считая с (такого-то дня) ;
    - a fortnight * Sunday через две недели (считая) со следующего воскресенья;
    - it'll be a year * Monday since he left в будущий понедельник год, как он уехал становиться (известным) ;
    приобретать (положение) ;
    - to * into notice привлечь внимание;
    - author who is beginning to * into notice автор, который начинает завоевывать известность;
    - to * into the public eye привлечь к себе внимание общественности;
    - to * into prominence стать известным вступать (во владение) ;
    получить( в наследство) ;
    - he came into some money он получил в наследство немного денег;
    - he came into an inheritance он получил наследство вступать (в должность) ;
    - to * into office вступить в должность;
    прийти к власти;
    - he came into power он пришел к власти вступать (в конфликт, в сговор) ;
    - to * into conflict вступить в конфликт;
    - to * into collision столкнуться, войти в противоречие переходитьдругую фазу) - to * into flower расцвести, выходить в цветок;
    вступать в пору цветения;
    - to * into ear колоситься, выходить в колос войти (в употребление, обиход) ;
    - to * into use войти в употребление;
    - to * into disuse выйти из употребления вступить (в силу) ;
    - to * into effect вступать в силу;
    - to * into operation начать действовать или применяться;
    вступать в силу входить (в компетенцию, обязанности) ;
    - to * within the terms of reference относиться к ведению;
    - that doesn't * within my duties это не входит в мои обязанности быть, являться - to * natural быть естественным;
    - to * easy не представлять трудностей;
    - it came as a surprise это явилось полной неожиданностью;
    - it will * very cheap to you это обойдется вам очень дешево выпускаться;
    продаваться - they * in all shapes они бывают всех видов, они бывают разные;
    - the dress *s in three sizes имеются три размера этого платься;
    - this soup comes in a can этот суп продается в жестяных банках в сочетании с последующим причастием настоящего времени называет действие, выраженное причастием;
    - he came riding он приехал верхом;
    - he came galloping он прискакал галопом;
    - he came running он прибежал;
    - the rain came pouring полил дождь > to * home попасть в цель;
    попасть не в бровь, а в глаз;
    задеть за живое;
    > to * home to smb. доходить до чьего-л сознания;
    растрогать кого-л до глубины души, найти отклик в чьей-л душе;
    > to * short of smth. испытывать недостаток в чем-л;
    не хватать;
    не соответствовать;
    не опревдать ожиданий, надежд > her money came short of her expenditure ей не хватило денег на расходы;
    > this *s short of accepted standards это не соответствует принятым нормам;
    > to * to a head созреть( о нарыве) ;
    назреть, перейти в решающую стадию;
    > to * to light обнаружиться, стать известным;
    > to * in sight появиться, показаться;
    > oh, * off it! (американизм) (грубое) заткнись!, перестань трепаться!;
    перестань!, хватит!, прекрати!;
    > off your perch /your high horse/! не зазнавайтесь!, не задирайте нос!;
    > * off the grass! не вмешивайтесь не в свои дела!;
    брось задаваться!;
    брось преувеличивать!;
    не ври!;
    > to * out of action( военное) выйти из боя;
    выйти из строя;
    > * out of that! перестань вмешиваться!, не суйся!, не лезь!;
    > to * a long way преуспеть > to * the old soldier over smb. поучать кого-л, командовать кем-л;
    обманывать, надувать кого-л;
    > * quick! (радиотехника) сигнал общего вызова;
    > to * one's way выпасть на чью-л долю;
    > to * to the point говорить по существу дела;
    делать стойку (о собаке) ;
    > to * into play начать действовать;
    быть полезным, пригодиться;
    > to * it strong (сленг) зайти слишком далеко;
    хватить через край;
    действовать решительно, быть напористым;
    > that is coming it a little too strong это уж слишком!;
    > not to know whether one is coming or going растеряться, потерять голову;
    не знать, на каком ты свете;
    > * day, go day день да ночь - сутки прочь;
    > it's * day, go day with him ему ни до чего нет дела;
    день прожил - и ладно;
    > everything *s him who waits кто ждет, тот дождется;
    терпение и труд все перетрут;
    > after dinner *s the reckoning поел - плати!;
    любишь кататься - люби и саночки возить;
    > he who *s uncalled, sits unserved пришел без приглашения - не жди угощения ~ off иметь успех;
    удаваться, проходить с успехом;
    all came off satisfactorily все сошло благополучно;
    to come off with honour выйти с честью ~, ~, be not so hasty! подождите, подождите, не торопитесь! ~ доходить, достигать;
    равняться;
    the bill comes to 500 roubles счет составляет 500 рублей ~ в сочетании с причастием настоящего времени передает возникновение действия, выраженного причастием: the boy came running into the room мальчик вбежал в комнату ~ делаться, становиться;
    things will come right все обойдется, все будет хорошо;
    my dreams came true мои мечты сбылись;
    butter will not come масло никак не сбивается come в повелительном наклонении восклицание, означающее приглашение, побуждение или легкий упрек: come, tell me all you know about it ну, расскажите же все, что вы об этом знаете come в повелительном наклонении восклицание, означающее приглашение, побуждение или легкий упрек: come, tell me all you know about it ну, расскажите же все, что вы об этом знаете ~ в сочетании с причастием настоящего времени передает возникновение действия, выраженного причастием: the boy came running into the room мальчик вбежал в комнату ~ вести свое происхождение;
    происходить;
    he comes from London он уроженец Лондона;
    he comes of a working family он из рабочей семьи;
    that comes from your carelessness все это от твоей небрежности ~ выпадать (на чью-л. долю) ;
    доставаться (кому-л.) ;
    it came on my head это свалилось мне на голову;
    ill luck came to me меня постигла неудача ~ делаться, становиться;
    things will come right все обойдется, все будет хорошо;
    my dreams came true мои мечты сбылись;
    butter will not come масло никак не сбивается ~ доходить, достигать;
    равняться;
    the bill comes to 500 roubles счет составляет 500 рублей ~, ~, be not so hasty! подождите, подождите, не торопитесь! ~, ~, be not so hasty! подождите, подождите, не торопитесь! ~ прибывать;
    приезжать;
    she has just come from London она только что приехала из Лондона ~ (came;
    ~) приходить, подходить;
    help came in the middle of the battle в разгар боя подошла помощь;
    one shot came after another выстрелы следовали один за другим ~ случаться, происходить, бывать;
    how did it come that..? как это случилось, что..? how comes it? почему это получается?, как это выходит?;
    come what may будь, что будет ~ down разг. come раскошелиться;
    come down with your money! раскошеливайтесь! ~ about менять направление( о ветре) ;
    come across (случайно) встретиться (с кем-л.) ;
    натолкнуться( на что-л.) ~ about происходить, случаться ~ about менять направление( о ветре) ;
    come across (случайно) встретиться (с кем-л.) ;
    натолкнуться (на что-л.) ~ across! разг. признавайся! ~ across! разг. раскошеливайся! ~ after искать, домогаться ~ after наследовать;
    come again возвращаться ~ after следовать ~ after наследовать;
    come again возвращаться ~ apart, ~ asunder распадаться на части ~ apart, ~ asunder распадаться на части ~ at нападать, набрасываться;
    добраться( до кого-л.) ;
    just let me come at him дайте мне только добраться до него ~ at получить доступ( к чему-л.), добиться( чего-л.) ;
    how did you come at the information? как вы это узнали? ~ away отламываться;
    the handle came away in my hand ручка отломилась и осталась у меня в руках ~ away уходить ~ back возвращаться ~ back вспоминаться ~ back спорт. обрести прежнюю форму ~ back отвечать тем же самым, отплатить той же монетой ~ back спорт. отставать ~ back очнуться, прийти в себя ~ before превосходить ~ before предшествовать to ~ before the Court предстать перед судом ~ by доставать, достигать ~ by амер. заходить ~ by проходить мимо ~ down быть поваленным (о дереве) ~ down быть разрушенным (о постройке) ~ down деградировать;
    to come down in the world потерять состояние, положение;
    опуститься ~ down амер, разг. заболеть( with - чем-л.) ~ down набрасываться (upon, on - на) ;
    бранить, наказывать( upon, on - кого-л.) ~ down падать (о снеге, дожде) ~ down переходить по традиции ~ down приходить, приезжать ~ down разг. come раскошелиться;
    come down with your money! раскошеливайтесь! ~ down спадать, ниспадать ~ down спускаться;
    опускаться down: ~ вниз;
    to climb down слезать;
    to come down спускаться;
    to flow down стекать to come (или to drop) ~ (on smb.) набрасываться (на кого-л.), бранить (кого-л.) ~ down деградировать;
    to come down in the world потерять состояние, положение;
    опуститься world: so goes (или wags) the ~ такова жизнь;
    to come down in the world опуститься, утратить былое положение ~ down разг. come раскошелиться;
    come down with your money! раскошеливайтесь! ~ for заходить за ~ for нападать на ~ forward выходить вперед;
    выдвигаться ~ forward откликаться ~ forward предлагать свои услуги ~ in вступать (в должность) ;
    приходить к власти ~ in входить ~ in входить в моду ~ in амер. жеребиться, телиться ~ in оказаться полезным, пригодиться (тж. come in useful) ;
    where do I come in? разг. чем я могу быть полезен?;
    какое это имеет ко мне отношение? ~ in прибывать (о поезде, пароходе) ~ in спорт. прийти к финишу;
    to come in first победить, прийти первым;
    come in for получить (что-л.) (напр., свою долю и т. п.) ~ in созревать ~ in спорт. прийти к финишу;
    to come in first победить, прийти первым;
    come in for получить (что-л.) (напр., свою долю и т. п.) ~ in спорт. прийти к финишу;
    to come in first победить, прийти первым;
    come in for получить (что-л.) (напр., свою долю и т. п.) ~ into вступать в ~ into получать в наследство to ~ into being( или existence) возникать;
    to come into the world родиться;
    to come into force вступать в силу;
    to come into notice привлечь внимание to ~ into being (или existence) возникать;
    to come into the world родиться;
    to come into force вступать в силу;
    to come into notice привлечь внимание force: ~ сила, действие ( закона, постановления и т. п.) ;
    to come into force вступать в силу force: come into ~ вступать в силу to ~ into being (или existence) возникать;
    to come into the world родиться;
    to come into force вступать в силу;
    to come into notice привлечь внимание notice: to bring( или to call) to (smb.'s) ~ доводить до сведения( кого-л.) ;
    to come to (smb.'s) notice стать известным (кому-л.) ;
    to come into notice привлечь внимание to ~ into play начать действовать;
    to come into position воен. занять позицию;
    to come into sight появиться play: to come into ~ начать действовать;
    in full play в действии, в разгаре to ~ into play начать действовать;
    to come into position воен. занять позицию;
    to come into sight появиться to ~ into play начать действовать;
    to come into position воен. занять позицию;
    to come into sight появиться to ~ into being (или existence) возникать;
    to come into the world родиться;
    to come into force вступать в силу;
    to come into notice привлечь внимание ~ off амер. замолчать;
    oh, come off it! да перестань же! ~ off иметь успех;
    удаваться, проходить с успехом;
    all came off satisfactorily все сошло благополучно;
    to come off with honour выйти с честью ~ off отделываться;
    he came off a loser он остался в проигрыше;
    he came off clear он вышел сухим из воды ~ off отрываться( напр., о пуговице) ~ off происходить, иметь место ~ off сходить, слезать ~ off удаляться ~ off амер. замолчать;
    oh, come off it! да перестань же! ~ off иметь успех;
    удаваться, проходить с успехом;
    all came off satisfactorily все сошло благополучно;
    to come off with honour выйти с честью ~ on возникать (о вопросе) ~ on! живей!;
    продолжайте!;
    идем (тж. как формула вызова) ~ on наступать, нападать ~ on натыкаться, наскакивать;
    поражать( о болезни) ~ on появляться (на сцене) ~ on преуспевать;
    делать успехи ~ on приближаться;
    налететь, разразиться( о ветре, шквале) ;
    a storm is coming on приближается гроза ~ on рассматриваться (в суде) ~ on расти ~ out выходить;
    to come out of oneself стать менее замкнутым ~ out выходить ~ out дебютировать( на сцене, в обществе) ~ out обнаруживаться;
    проявляться ~ out обнаруживаться ~ out объявлять забастовку ~ out появляться (в печати) ~ out выходить;
    to come out of oneself стать менее замкнутым ~ out on strike объявлять забастовку to ~ short не достигнуть цели to ~ short не оправдать ожиданий to ~ short не хватить short: to come (или to fall) ~ (of smth.) не достигнуть цели to come (или to fall) ~ (of smth.) не оправдать ожиданий to come (или to fall) ~ (of smth.) не хватать, иметь недостаток( в чем-л.) to come (или to fall) ~ (of smth.) уступать( в чем-л.) ;
    this book comes short of satisfactory эта книга оставляет желать много лучшего ~ to приходить ~ to равняться ~ to составлять to: ~ bring ~ привести в сознание;
    to come to прийти в сознание;
    to and fro взад и вперед ~ to a decision приходить к решению ~ to a halt останавливаться ~ to a standstill оказываться в тупике standstill: ~ остановка, бездействие, застой;
    to come to a standstill оказаться в тупике;
    work was at a standstill работа совсем остановилась ~ to an end заканчивать ~ to prevail приобретать по праву давности ~ to terms договариваться ~ to terms приходить к соглашению term: ~ pl условия соглашения;
    договор;
    to come to terms( или to make terms) (with smb.) прийти к соглашению (с кем-л.) ~ to the rescue приходить на помощь rescue: ~ спасение;
    освобождение, избавление;
    to come (или to go) to the rescue помогать, приходить на помощь ~ случаться, происходить, бывать;
    how did it come that..? как это случилось, что..? how comes it? почему это получается?, как это выходит?;
    come what may будь, что будет what: ~ the hell? ну и что?, подумаешь!;
    come what may будь, что будет;
    what on earth( или in the blazes, in the world)...? черт возьми, бога ради... ~ away отламываться;
    the handle came away in my hand ручка отломилась и осталась у меня в руках he came in for a lot of trouble ему здорово досталось ~ off отделываться;
    he came off a loser он остался в проигрыше;
    he came off clear он вышел сухим из воды ~ off отделываться;
    he came off a loser он остался в проигрыше;
    he came off clear он вышел сухим из воды ~ вести свое происхождение;
    происходить;
    he comes from London он уроженец Лондона;
    he comes of a working family он из рабочей семьи;
    that comes from your carelessness все это от твоей небрежности ~ вести свое происхождение;
    происходить;
    he comes from London он уроженец Лондона;
    he comes of a working family он из рабочей семьи;
    that comes from your carelessness все это от твоей небрежности ~ (came;
    ~) приходить, подходить;
    help came in the middle of the battle в разгар боя подошла помощь;
    one shot came after another выстрелы следовали один за другим ~ случаться, происходить, бывать;
    how did it come that..? как это случилось, что..? how comes it? почему это получается?, как это выходит?;
    come what may будь, что будет how: ~ comes it?, ~ is it? разг. как это получается?, почему так выходит?;
    how so? как так? ~ случаться, происходить, бывать;
    how did it come that..? как это случилось, что..? how comes it? почему это получается?, как это выходит?;
    come what may будь, что будет ~ at получить доступ( к чему-л.), добиться (чего-л.) ;
    how did you come at the information? как вы это узнали? ~ выпадать (на чью-л. долю) ;
    доставаться (кому-л.) ;
    it came on my head это свалилось мне на голову;
    ill luck came to me меня постигла неудача ~ выпадать (на чью-л. долю) ;
    доставаться (кому-л.) ;
    it came on my head это свалилось мне на голову;
    ill luck came to me меня постигла неудача ~ at нападать, набрасываться;
    добраться (до кого-л.) ;
    just let me come at him дайте мне только добраться до него the knot has ~ undone узел развязался the moonshine came streaming in through the open window в открытое окно лился лунный свет ~ делаться, становиться;
    things will come right все обойдется, все будет хорошо;
    my dreams came true мои мечты сбылись;
    butter will not come масло никак не сбивается ~ (came;
    ~) приходить, подходить;
    help came in the middle of the battle в разгар боя подошла помощь;
    one shot came after another выстрелы следовали один за другим ~ прибывать;
    приезжать;
    she has just come from London она только что приехала из Лондона ~ on приближаться;
    налететь, разразиться (о ветре, шквале) ;
    a storm is coming on приближается гроза come в повелительном наклонении восклицание, означающее приглашение, побуждение или легкий упрек: come, tell me all you know about it ну, расскажите же все, что вы об этом знаете ~ вести свое происхождение;
    происходить;
    he comes from London он уроженец Лондона;
    he comes of a working family он из рабочей семьи;
    that comes from your carelessness все это от твоей небрежности ~ делаться, становиться;
    things will come right все обойдется, все будет хорошо;
    my dreams came true мои мечты сбылись;
    butter will not come масло никак не сбивается this work comes to me эта работа приходится на мою долю ~ in оказаться полезным, пригодиться (тж. come in useful) ;
    where do I come in? разг. чем я могу быть полезен?;
    какое это имеет ко мне отношение?

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > come

См. также в других словарях:

  • Coming on the clouds — is the traditional Christian concept of the way Jesus Christ will return at his second coming; see Rapture. In this view, Jesus will appear in the sky, in way which is visible to everyone on earth.The idea of coming on the clouds contrasts with… …   Wikipedia

  • Coming Home (New Found Glory album) — Coming Home Studio album by New Found Glory Released September 19, 2006 …   Wikipedia

  • Coming Out (1989 film) — Coming Out DVD cover Directed by Heiner Carow Produced by Horst Hartwig …   Wikipedia

  • Coming of age — For other uses, see Coming of Age (disambiguation). Coming of age is a young person s transition from childhood to adulthood. The age at which this transition takes place varies in society, as does the nature of the transition.[1] It can be a… …   Wikipedia

  • Coming Persecutions — Christianity portal The Coming Persecutions, Matthew 10:16 23, is part of Jesus’ speech of commission to his disciples. Immediately preceding these verses, he had commissioned them to evangelize the Israelites with his authority. As soon as he… …   Wikipedia

  • immediately */*/*/ — UK [ɪˈmiːdɪətlɪ] / US [ɪˈmɪdɪətlɪ] adverb, conjunction Summary: Immediately can be used in the following ways: as an adverb (with a verb): I immediately recognized his voice. (followed by a preposition or another adverb): She s the woman who was… …   English dictionary

  • immediately — im|me|di|ate|ly [ ı midiətli ] adverb *** 1. ) very quickly and without delay: AT ONCE: When she saw him come in, she decided to leave immediately. I did not immediately realize how serious the situation was. It was immediately apparent that… …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • immediately*/*/*/ — [ɪˈmiːdiətli] adv, conjunction 1) very quickly and without delay She decided to leave immediately.[/ex] I immediately realized how serious the situation was.[/ex] Immediately he saw her, he fell in love with her.[/ex] 2) just before or just after …   Dictionary for writing and speaking English

  • Jerusalem (After 1291) —     Jerusalem (After 1291)     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Jerusalem (After 1291)     (1) Political History      The Latin dominion over Jerusalem really came to an end on 2 October, 1187, when the city opened its gates to Saladin (Yusuf ibn Ayyub …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • US Intelligence involvement with German and Japanese War Criminals after World War II — While the United States was involved in the prosecution of war criminals, principally at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg and the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo, the Nuremberg Military Tribunals, and… …   Wikipedia

  • Guess Hoe's Coming to Dinner — Infobox Boondocks Episode Title = Guess Hoe s Coming to Dinner Caption = Cristal and Riley playing PlayStation 2. Airdate = November 20, 2005 Season no. = 1 Episode no. = 3 Production no. = 102 Writer = Rodney Barnes Aaron McGruder Director =… …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»